SUMMARY ......................................................... 1
OPENING SESSION
Opening Address ................................................ 29
M.A. Castro Arroyo
Managing exposure to NORM - Consensus or chaos? ................ 31
D.G. Wymer
THORIUM AND ITS INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
(Topical Session 1)
Thorium applications in Spain .................................. 59
M. Herranz, F. Legarda, R. Núñez-Lagos, C. Pérez Marín,
M. Savirón
Radiation exposure in the production and use of thoriated gas
mantles ........................................................ 71
T. Ludwig, I. Schäfer, G. Seitz
Thorium and uranium bioaccumulation in wheat and rye plants .... 81
I. Shtangeeva, A. Türler, X. Lin
PROCESSING AND USE OF ZIRCON AND ZIRCONIA
(Topical Session 2)
The industrial uses of zircon and zirconia and
the radiological consequences of these uses .................... 95
J.H. Selby
Radiological assessment of zircon processing in Nigeria ....... 117
I.I. Funtua, S.B. Elegba
Radiological impacts associated with a zircon sand
processing plant in Brazil .................................... 121
M.A. Fires do Rio, P.R. Ferreira, D. da Costa Lauria,
V. de Paula Melo
Radioactivity measurements in ceramic industries:
Results and comments .......................................... 129
V. Serradell, J. Ortiz, L. Ballesteros, I. Zarza
NORM in the Italian tile and refractory industries ............ 141
C. Zampieri, F. Trotti, F. Andreoli, A. Ballarin Denti
Determination of radon specific exhalation rate from Italian
ceramic tiles ................................................. 149
S. Righi, S. Verità, L. Bruzzi, R. Guerra, A. Albertazzi,
C. Bonvicini
RAPPORTEUR SUMMARY OF OPENING SESSION AND TOPICAL SESSIONS
1 AND 2 ....................................................... 159
C.T. Simmons
PRODUCTION OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE
(Topical Session 3)
Production of titanium dioxide ................................ 169
G.S. McNulty
Radiological implications due to thorium in titanium mineral
separation and chemical processing ............................ 189
P.P. Haridasan, P.M.B. Pillai, R.M. Tripathi,
V.D. Puranik
MONAZITE AND THE EXTRACTION OF RARE EARTHS
(Topical Sesion 4)
Naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM)
in the extraction and processing of rare earths ............... 197
P.M.B. Pillai
Deportment of NORM in the processing of a phosphate ore
containing rare earths ........................................ 223
D.E. Collier, K.H. Soldenhoff
Lung types of thoron daughters in a monazite storage
facility ...................................................... 233
M. Zhukovsky, A. Ekidin, A. Baranova, I. Yarmoshenko
EXTRACTION, PROCESSING AND USE OF PHOSPHATE MINERALS
(Topical Session 5)
Inhalation doses and regulatory policy in wet acid
processing of sedimentary phosphate rock ...................... 247
B.K. Birky
Radioactivity in the phosphate field: Actions undertaken by
IMPHOS ........................................................ 259
T. Mrabet, M.M. Kotti
Public exposure from mines operating on an igneous orebody .... 269
A.J. van der Westhuizen
Towards a management and regulatory strategy for phosphoric
acid and phosphogypsum as co-products ......................... 281
J. Hilton
Radiological assessment of the agricultural use of
phosphogypsum in south-west Spain: Results of a three-year
field experiment .............................................. 297
J.M. Abril, R. Garcia-Tenorio, S. Enamorado, O. Polvillo,
A. Delgado, L. Andreu, S. Hurtado, M. Villa, R. Perianez,
G. Manjon
Redissolution of 226Ra from sediments in a Spanish estuary
affected by the phosphate industry: Model comparisons in
the framework of the IAEA EMRAS Project ....................... 307
R. Periáñez, N. Goutal, S. Kivva, M. Luck, L. Monte,
F. Siclet, M. Zheleznyak
RAPPORTEUR SUMMARY OF TOPICAL SESSIONS 3, 4 AND 5 ............. 319
A.S. Paschoa
SCRAP RECYCLING AND WASTE MANAGEMENT
(Topical Session 6)
Radiological control of metal scrap: The 'Spanish Protocol' ... 327
A. Rodriguez Martinez
Estimation of personal dose while processing NORM
contaminated metal scrap ...................................... 339
R. Kreh, S. Dewji
A study concerning NORM in integrated steelworks .............. 351
F. Trotti, С. Zampieri, E. Caldognetto, R. Ocone, A.
di Lullo, L. Magro, G. Jia, G. Torri
Radiological impact assessment for landfill disposal of NORM
wastes in Malaysia ............................................ 355
K.M. Kontol, S.H.S.S. Ahmad, M. Omar
Treatment of NORM residues in the Netherlands ................. 361
J. Welbergen, R. Wiegers
MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS (1)
(Topical Session 7)
NORM measurements in the oil and gas industry in Argentina .... 375
A. Canoba, G. Gnoni, W. Truppa
Radioactivity in produced water from oil and gas
installations - Doses to biota and humans ..................... 387
T. Ramsøy, D.Ø. Eriksen, E. Strålberg, K. Iden,
R. Sidhu, K. Hylland, A. Ruus, O. Røyset, M.H.G.
Berntssen, H. Rye
Investigation of NORM activities in Sweden .................... 393
A.-L. Söderman, E. Brewitz, H. Möre
Exposure and radiation protection for work areas with
enhanced natural radioactivity ................................ 399
J. Döring, T. Beck, M. Beyermann, J. Gerler, G. Henze,
J. Mielcarek, U.-K. Schkade
Status of naturally occurring radionuclides in copper mine
wastewater in Zambia .......................................... 409
R. Katebe, B. Michalik, Z. Phiri, D.C.W.
Nkhuwa Revision of the Euratom Basic Safety Standards with
regard to natural radiation sources ........................... 419
A. Wiklund, J.L. Godet, A. Janssens
RAPPORTEUR SUMMARY OF TOPICAL SESSIONS 6 AND 7 ................ 429
J. van der Steen
MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS (2)
(Topical Session 8)
Trade in radioactive materials — Potential problems and
possible solutions ............................................ 437
N. Tsurikov
Measurement of surface contamination according to legal
requirements .................................................. 455
R. Barthel, C. Bunzmann
Environmental impact of radioactivity in waste from the coal
and aluminium industries in western Balkan countries .......... 467
J. Klerkx, B. Dehandschutter, A. Annunziatellis,
A. Baccani, T. Bituh, I. Celikovic, G. Ciotoli,
M. Coltella, A. Demajo, S. Dogjani, V. Gavshin,
N. Gradascevic, L. Hoxha, P. Jovanovic, L. Juhasz,
D. Kisic, S. Kolobova, J. Kovac, S. Lombardi,
V. Matychenkov, M. Melgunov, S. Meng, A. Mihailj,
B. Petrinec, A. Poffijn, A. Popovic, D. Samek,
A. Samsonova, L. Saracevic, P. Szerbin, P. Ujic,
Z.S. Zunic
Dependence of radon emanation from red mud on heat
treatment ..................................................... 479
V. Jobbágy, J. Somlai, J. Kovács, G. Szeiler, T. Kovács
Chemical types of bonding of natural radionuclides in
technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive
material (TENORM) ............................................. 489
K. Leopold, J. Wiegand
RAPPORTEUR SUMMARY OF TOPICAL SESSION 8 AND OVERALL
CONCLUSIONS ................................................... 503
P. Shaw
Chairpersons of Sessions, Secretariat of the Symposium,
Steering Committee of the Symposium, National Organizing
Committee of the Symposium, Scientific Committee of the
Symposium ..................................................... 509
List of Participants .......................................... 511
Author Index .................................................. 533
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