SECTION 1: BASIC CONSTANTS, UNITS, AND CONVERSION FACTORS
CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical
Constants .................................................. 1-1
Standard Atomic Weights (2008) ............................ 1-12
Atomic Masses and Abundances .............................. 1-14
Electron Configuration and Ionization Energy of Neutral
Atoms in the Ground State ................................. 1-18
International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) .......... 1-20
Conversion of Temperatures from the 1948 and 1968 Scales
to ITS-90 ................................................. 1-21
International System of Units (SI) ........................ 1-23
Units for Magnetic Properties ............................. 1-27
Conversion Factors ........................................ 1-28
Conversion of Temperatures ................................ 1-38
Conversion Factors for Energy Units ....................... 1-39
Conversion Factors for Pressure Units ..................... 1-40
Conversion Factors for Thermal Conductivity Units ......... 1-41
Conversion Factors for Electrical Resistivity Units ....... 1-42
Conversion Factors for Chemical Kinetics .................. 1-43
Conversion Factors for Ionizing Radiation ................. 1-44
Values of the Gas Constant in Different Unit Systems ...... 1-46
SECTION 2: SYMBOLS, TERMINOLOGY, AND NOMENCLATURE
Symbols and Terminology for Physical and Chemical
Quantities ................................................. 2-1
Expression of Uncertainty of Measurements ................. 2-13
Nomenclature for Chemical Compounds ....................... 2-15
Nomenclature for Inorganic Ions and Ligands ............... 2-16
Organic Substituent Groups and Ring Systems ............... 2-23
Representation of Chemical Structures with the IUPAC
International Chemical Identifier (InChl) ................. 2-27
Scientific Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Symbols ........... 2-29
Greek, Russian, and Hebrew Alphabets ...................... 2-42
Definitions of Scientific Terms ........................... 2-43
Thermodynamic Functions and Relations ..................... 2-68
Nobel Laureates in Chemistry and Physics .................. 2-69
SECTION 3: PHYSICAL CONSTANTS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds .................... 3-1
Synonym Index of Organic Compounds ....................... 3-524
Molecular Formula Index of Organic Compounds ............. 3-549
CAS Registry Number Index of Organic Compounds ........... 3-634
Diamagnetic Susceptibility of Selected Organic
Compounds ................................................ 3-672
SECTION 4: PROPERTIES OF THE ELEMENTS AND INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
The Elements ............................................... 4-1
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds ................. 4-43
Formula Index of Inorganic Compounds ..................... 4-102
CAS Registry Number Index of Inorganic Compounds ......... 4-115
Physical Properties of the Rare Earth Metals ............. 4-127
Melting, Boiling, Triple, and Critical Point
Temperatures of the Elements ............................. 4-133
Heat Capacity of the Elements at 25°C .................... 4-135
Vapor Pressure of the Metallic Elements - Equations ...... 4-136
Vapor Pressure of the Metallic Elements - Data ........... 4-138
Density of Molten Elements and Representative Salts ...... 4-139
Magnetic Susceptibility of the Elements and Inorganic
Compounds ................................................ 4-142
Index of Refraction of Inorganic Liquids ................. 4-148
Physical and Optical Properties of Minerals .............. 4-149
Crystallographic Data on Minerals ........................ 4-156
SECTION 5: THERMOCHEMISTRY, ELECTROCHEMISTRY, AND KINETICS
CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics ....................... 5-1
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances ... 5-4
Thermodynamic Properties as a Function of Temperature ..... 5-43
Characteristic Bond Lengths in Free Molecules ............. 9-48
Atomic Radii of the Elements .............................. 9-49
Dipole Moments ............................................ 9-50
Hindered Internal Rotation ................................ 9-59
Bond Dissociation Energies ................................ 9-64
Electronegativity ......................................... 9-98
Force Constants for Bond Stretching ....................... 9-99
Fundamental Vibrational Frequencies of Small Molecules ... 9-100
Spectroscopic Constants of Diatomic Molecules ............ 9-103
Infrared Correlation Charts .............................. 9-108
Nuclear Spins, Moments, and Other Data Related to NMR
Spectroscopy ............................................. 9-113
Proton NMR Chemical Shifts for Characteristic Organic
Structures ............................................... 9-116
13C-NMR Absorptions of Major Functional Groups ........... 9-117
SECTION 10: ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS
Line Spectra of the Elements .............................. 10-1
N1ST Atomic Transition Probabilities ..................... 10-93
Electron Affinities ..................................... 10-156
Proton Affinities ....................................... 10-174
Atomic and Molecular Polarizabilities ................... 10-193
Ionization Energies of Atoms and Atomic Ions ............ 10-203
Ionization Energies of Gas-Phase Molecules .............. 10-206
X-Ray Atomic Energy Levels .............................. 10-224
Electron Binding Energies of the Elements ............... 10-228
Natural Width of X-Ray Lines ............................ 10-234
Photon Attenuation Coefficients ......................... 10-235
Classification of Electromagnetic Radiation ............. 10-240
Sensitivity of the Human Eye to Light of Different
Wavelengths ............................................. 10-242
Black Body Radiation .................................... 10-243
Characteristics of Infrared Detectors ................... 10-245
Index of Refraction of Inorganic Crystals ............... 10-246
Refractive Index and Transmittance of Representative
Glasses ................................................. 10-250
Index of Refraction of Water ............................ 10-251
Index of Refraction of Liquids for Calibration
Purposes ................................................ 10-252
Index of Refraction of Air .............................. 10-253
Index of Refraction of Gases ............................ 10-254
Characteristics of Laser Sources ........................ 10-255
Infrared Laser Frequencies .............................. 10-261
Infrared and Far-Infrared Absorption Frequency
Standards ............................................... 10-268
SECTION 11: NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS
Summary Tables of Particle Properties ..................... 11-1
Table of the Isotopes .................................... 11-56
Neutron Scattering and Absorption Properties ............ 11-254
Cosmic Radiation ........................................ 11-267
SECTION 12: PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS
Techniques for Materials Characterization ................. 12-1
Symmetry of Crystals ...................................... 12-5
Ionic Radii in Crystals .................................. 12-11
Polarizabilities of Atoms and Ions in Solids ............. 12-13
Crystal Structures and Lattice Parameters of Allotropes
of the Elements .......................................... 12-15
Phase Transitions in the Solid Elements at Atmospheric
Pressure ................................................. 12-19
Lattice Energies ......................................... 12-21
The Madelung Constant and Crystal Lattice Energy ......... 12-34
Elastic Constants of Single Crystals ..................... 12-35
Electrical Resistivity of Pure Metals .................... 12-41
Electrical Resistivity of Selected Alloys ................ 12-43
Electrical Resistivity of Graphite Materials ............. 12-46
Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Inorganic Solids ... 12-47
Curie Temperature of Selected Ferroelectric Crystals ..... 12-56
Properties of Antiferroelectric Crystals ................. 12-57
Dielectric Constants of Glasses .......................... 12-58
Properties of Superconductors ............................ 12-59
High-Temperature Superconductors ......................... 12-75
Organic Superconductors .................................. 12-77
Properties of Semiconductors ............................. 12-80
Selected Properties of Semiconductor Solid Solutions ..... 12-93
Properties of Organic Semiconductors ..................... 12-95
Diffusion Data for Semiconductors ........................ 12-99
Properties of Magnetic Materials ........................ 12-107
Organic Magnets ......................................... 12-116
Electron Inelastic Mean Free Paths ...................... 12-119
Electron Work Function of the Elements .................. 12-121
Secondary Electron Emission ............................. 12-122
Optical Properties of Selected Elements ................. 12-123
Optical Properties of Selected Inorganic and Organic
Solids .................................................. 12-148
Elasto-Optic, Electro-Optic, and Magneto-Optic
Constants ............................................... 12-167
Nonlinear Optical Constants ............................. 12-181
Phase Diagrams .......................................... 12-184
Heat Capacity of Selected Solids ........................ 12-202
Thermal and Physical Properties of Pure Metals .......... 12-203
Thermophysical Properties of Stainless Steel 310 ........ 12-205
Thermal Conductivity of Metals and Semiconductors as
a Function of Temperature ............................... 12-206
Thermal Conductivity of Alloys as a Function of
Temperature ............................................. 12-208
Thermal Conductivity of Crystalline Dielectrics ......... 12-209
Thermal Conductivity of Ceramics and Other Insulating
Materials ............................................... 12-211
Thermal Conductivity of Glasses ......................... 12-213
Thermoelectric Properties of Metals and
Semiconductors .......................................... 12-217
Fermi Energy and Related Properties of Metals ........... 12-219
Properties of Commercial Metals and Alloys .............. 12-221
Hardness of Minerals and Ceramics ....................... 12-222
SECTION 13: POLYMER PROPERTIES
Nomenclature for Organic Polymers ......................... 13-1
Solvents for Common Polymers .............................. 13-5
Glass Transition Temperature for Selected Polymers ........ 13-6
Dielectric Constant of Selected Polymers ................. 13-13
Pressure-Volume-Temperature Relationship for Polymer
Melts .................................................... 13-14
Upper Critical (UCST) and Lower Critical (LCST)
Solution Temperatures of Binary Polymer Solutions ........ 13-19
Vapor Pressures (Solvent Activities) for Binary Polymer
Solutions ................................................. 3-37
Specific Enthalpies of Solution of Polymers and
Copolymers ............................................... 13-42
Solubility Parameters of Selected Polymers ............... 13-70
SECTION 14: GEOPHYSICS, ASTRONOMY, AND ACOUSTICS
Astronomical Constants .................................... 14-1
Properties of the Solar System ............................ 14-2
Satellites of the Planets ................................. 14-4
Interstellar Molecules .................................... 14-7
Mass, Dimensions, and Other Parameters of the Earth ..,... 14-10
Geological Time Scale .................................... 14-12
Acceleration Due to Gravity .............................. 14-13
Density, Pressure, and Gravity as a Function of Depth
Within the Earth ......................................... 14-14
Ocean Pressure as a Function of Depth and Latitude ....... 14-15
Properties of Seawater ................................... 14-16
Abundance of Elements in the Earth's Crust and in the
Sea ...................................................... 14-18
Solar Spectral Irradiance ................................ 14-19
U.S. Standard Atmosphere (1976) .......................... 14-20
Geographical and Seasonal Variation in Solar Radiation ... 14-26
Major World Earthquakes .................................. 14-27
Weather-Related Scales ................................... 14-31
Infrared Absorption by the Earth's Atmosphere ............ 14-33
Atmospheric Concentration of Carbon Dioxide, 1958-2004 ... 14-34
Mean Temperatures in the United States, 1900-1992 ........ 14-36
Global Temperature Trend, 1856-2004 ...................... 14-38
Global Warming Potential of Greenhouse Gases ............. 14-39
Atmospheric Electricity .................................. 14-41
Speed of Sound in Various Media .......................... 14-48
Attenuation and Speed of Sound in Air as a Function of
Humidity and Frequency ................................... 14-50
Speed of Sound in Dry Air ................................ 14-51
Musical Scales ........................................... 14-52
Characteristics of Human Hearing ......................... 14-53
SECTION 15: PRACTICAL LABORATORY DATA
Standard ITS-90 Thermocouple Tables ....................... 15-1
Secondary Reference Points on the ITS-90 Temperature
Scale .................................................... 15-10
Relative Sensitivity of Bayard- Alpert Ionization
Gauges to Various Gases .................................. 15-12
Laboratory Solvents and Other Liquid Reagents ............ 15-13
Miscibility of Organic Solvents .......................... 15-23
Density of Solvents as a Function of Temperature ......... 15-25
Dependence of Boiling Point on Pressure .................. 15-26
Ebullioscopic Constants for Calculation of Boiling
Point Elevation .......................................... 15-27
Cryoscopic Constants for Calculation of Freezing Point
Depression ............................................... 15-28
Freezing Point Lowering by Electrolytes in Aqueous
Solution ................................................. 15-29
Correction of Barometer Readings to 0°C Temperature ...... 15-30
Determination of Relative Humidity from Dew Point ........ 15-31
Determination of Relative Humidity from Wet and Dry
Bulb Temperatures ........................................ 15-32
Constant Humidity Solutions .............................. 15-33
Standard Salt Solutions for Humidity Calibration ......... 15-34
Low-Temperature Baths for Maintaining Constant
Temperature .............................................. 15-35
Metals and Alloys with Low Melting Temperature ........... 15-36
Wire Tables .............................................. 15-37
Characteristics of Particles and Particle Dispersoids .... 15-38
Density of Various Solids ................................ 15-39
Density of Sulfuric Acid ................................. 15-40
Density of Ethanol- Water Mixtures ....................... 15-41
Dielectric Strength of Insulating Materials .............. 15-42
Coefficient of Friction .................................. 15-47
Flame Temperatures ....................................... 15-49
Allocation of Frequencies in the Radio Spectrum .......... 15-50
SECTION 16: HEALTH AND SAFETY INFORMATION
Handling and Disposal of Chemicals in Laboratories ........ 16-1
Flammability of Chemical Substances ...................... 16-13
Threshold Limits for Airborne Contaminants ............... 16-29
Octanol-Water Partition Coefficients ..................... 16-43
Protection against Ionizing Radiation .................... 16-48
Annual Limits on Intakes of Radionuclides ................ 16-49
Chemical Carcinogens ..................................... 16-53
APPENDIX A: MATHEMATICAL TABLES
Miscellaneous Mathematical Constants ....................... A-l
Decimal Equivalents of Common Fractions .................... A-2
Quadratic Formula .......................................... A-2
Exponential and Hyperbolic Functions and Their Common
Logarithms ................................................. A-3
Natural Trigonometric Functions to Four Places ............. A-6
Relation of Angular Functions in Terms of One Another ...... A-8
Derivatives ................................................ A-9
Integration ............................................... A-11
Integrals ................................................. A-15
Differential Equations .................................... A-46
Fourier Series ............................................ A-57
Fourier Expansions for Basic Periodic Functions ........... A-59
The Fourier Transforms .................................... A-61
Series Expansion .......................................... A-65
Vector Analysis ........................................... A-68
Orthogonal Curvilinear Coordinates ........................ A-75
Transformation of Integrals ............................... A-77
Bessel Functions .......................................... A-78
The Factorial Function .................................... A-80
The Gamma Function ........................................ A-81
The Beta Function ......................................... A-82
The Error function ........................................ A-83
Orthogonal Polynomials .................................... A-83
Tables of Orthogonal Polynomials .......................... A-86
Clebsch-Gordan Coefficients ............................... A-87
Normal Probability Function ............................... A-88
Percentage Points, Student's t-Distribution ............... A-91
Percentage Points, Chi-Square Distribution ................ A-91
Percentage Points, F-Distribution ......................... A-93
Moment of inertia for Various Bodies of Mass .............. A-97
APPENDIX B: SOURCES OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA ............. B-l
INDEX ......................................................... 1-1
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