Michaelian K.H. Photoacoustic IR spectroscopy: instrumentation, applications and data analysis. - 2nd, rev. and enl. ed. - Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2010. - xvi, 385 p.: ill. (some col.). - Incl. bibl. ref. - Ind.: p.383-385. - ISBN 978-3-527-40900-6  Место хранения:   032 | Институт органической химии им. Н.Н.Ворожцова СО РАН | Новосибирск | Библиотека

Оглавление / Contents

Preface to the Second Edition ............................... XI Preface to the First Edition .............................. XIII 1 Introduction ................................................. 1 1.1 Single- and Multiple-Wavelength PA Spectroscopies ....... 2 1.2 Scope ................................................... 3 1.3 Other Sources of Information ............................ 4 References .............................................. 5 2 History of PA Infrared Spectroscopy .......................... 7 2.1 Early History ........................................... 8 2.2 Multiple-Wavelength PA Infrared Spectroscopy ........... 11 2.3 Arrival of PA FT-IR Spectroscopy ....................... 15 References .................................................. 22 3 Instrumental Methods ........................................ 25 3.1 Dispersive PA Infrared Spectroscopy .................... 25 3.1.1 Near-Infrared PA Spectroscopy ................... 25 3.1.2 Mid-Infrared PA Spectroscopy .................... 26 3.1.3 Instrumentation ................................. 28 3.2 Rapid-Scan PA FT-IR Spectroscopy ....................... 29 3.2.1 Normalization of Rapid-Scan Spectra ............. 32 3.3 Step-Scan PA FT-IR Spectroscopy ........................ 34 3.4 Mid-Infrared Laser PA Spectroscopy ..................... 38 3.4.1 C02 Laser PA Spectroscopy ....................... 38 3.4.2 CO Laser PA Spectroscopy ........................ 40 3.4.3 External-Cavity Quantum-Cascade Laser PA Spectroscopy .................................... 41 3.5 Quartz-Enhanced PA Spectroscopy ........................ 42 3.6 Cantilever Enhanced PA Spectroscopy .................... 47 3.7 Piezoelectric Detection ................................ 51 3.8 Photothermal Beam Deflection Spectroscopy .............. 56 3.8.1 Reverse Mirage Detection ........................ 59 3.9 Optothermal Window Spectroscopy ........................ 62 3.9.1 Research of Bicanic's Group ..................... 63 3.9.2 Research of McQueen's Group ..................... 64 References .................................................. 65 4 Signal Recovery ............................................. 71 4.1 DSP Demodulation ....................................... 71 4.2 Lock-in Demodulation ................................... 74 References .................................................. 77 5 Experimental Techniques ..................................... 79 5.1 Amplitude Modulation ................................... 79 5.2 Phase Modulation ....................................... 82 5.3 Synchrotron Infrared PA Spectroscopy ................... 87 5.4 PA Infrared Microspectroscopy .......................... 92 5.5 Quantitative Analysis .................................. 96 5.5.1 Quantification in PA Near-Infrared Spectroscopy .................................... 97 5.5.2 Quantification in PA Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy .................................... 98 5.5.3 Quantitative Analysis at Higher Concentrations ................................. 102 5.6 Depth Profiling ....................................... 103 5.6.1 Amplitude Modulation ........................... 107 5.6.2 Phase Modulation ............................... 111 5.6.3 The Phase Spectrum ............................. 112 5.6.4 Phase Rotation ................................. 113 5.6.5 Generalized Two-Dimensional (G2D) Correlation .................................... 117 5.6.6 G2D Correlation in the Study of Layered Polymer Systems ................................ 118 5.6.7 G2D Correlation in the Study of Foods .......... 118 References ................................................. 120 6 Numerical Methods .......................................... 127 6.1 Averaging of PA Data .................................. 127 6.1.1 Single-Sided Interferograms: Averaging of Interferograms and Spectra ..................... 128 6.1.2 Double-Sided Interferograms: The Average Modulus Spectrum ............................... 130 6.2 Spectrum Linearization ................................ 132 6.3 Phase Analysis ........................................ 137 References ............................................ 141 7 Applications ............................................... 143 7.1 Carbons ............................................... 143 7.1.1 Research of Low's Group ........................ 143 7.1.2 Other Groups ................................... 151 7.1.3 Hydrocarbon Cokes .............................. 154 7.2 Hydrocarbon Fuels ..................................... 156 7.2.1 Coals .......................................... 157 7.2.1.1 Early PA Infrared Spectra of Coals .... 157 7.2.1.2 Near-Infrared PA Spectra of Coals ..... 159 7.2.1.3 Study of Coal Oxidation by PA Infrared Spectroscopy ................. 161 7.2.1.4 Depth Profiling of Oxidized Coals ..... 162 7.2.1.5 Numerical Analysis of PA Spectra of Coals ................................. 163 7.2.2 Liquid Fuels ................................... 165 7.2.3 Other Samples .................................. 168 7.3 Organic Chemistry ..................................... 171 7.3.1 Mid-Infrared PA Spectra of Aromatic Hydrocarbons ................................... 173 7.3.2 Far-Infrared PA Spectra of Aromatic Hydrocarbons ................................... 174 7.4 Inorganic Chemistry ................................... 176 7.4.1 Carbonyl Compounds ............................. 176 7.4.2 Semiconductors ................................. 179 7.4.3 Superconductors ................................ 182 7.4.4 Other Materials ................................ 182 7.5 Biology and Biochemistry .............................. 182 7.6 Medical Applications .................................. 187 7.7 Polymers .............................................. 194 7.7.1 Research of Urban's Group ...................... 199 7.7.2 Other Groups ................................... 201 7.8 Catalysts ............................................. 202 7.8.1 Early Work ..................................... 202 7.8.2 Surface Characterization and Reactions ......... 206 7.8.3 Research of Ryczkowski's Group ................. 208 7.9 Gases ................................................. 209 7.9.1 CO Laser Radiation ............................. 210 7.9.2 CO2 Laser Radiation ............................ 213 7.9.3 Other Radiation Sources ........................ 218 7.9.4 FT-IR PA Spectra of Gases ...................... 225 7.10 Wood and Paper ........................................ 227 7.11 Food Products ......................................... 237 7.11.1 Early PA Studies of Foods ...................... 237 7.11.2 A Typical Example: Milk Chocolate .............. 239 7.11.3 Agricultural Grains ............................ 239 7.11.4 The PA Infrared Spectrum of Flour .............. 240 7.11.5 Further PA Studies of Food Products ............ 241 7.11.6 Research oflrudayaraj's Group .................. 243 7.11.7 Food Production ................................ 245 7.12 Clays and Minerals .................................... 247 7.13 Textiles .............................................. 257 References ................................................. 263 Appendix 1: Glossary ....................................... 293 Appendix 2: Literature Guide-Solids and Liquids ............ 295 Appendix 3: Literature Guide-Gases ......................... 355 Index ...................................................... 383