Garcia-Segura L.M. Hormones and brain plasticity (Oxford; New York, 2009). - ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ / CONTENTS
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ОбложкаGarcia-Segura L.M. Hormones and brain plasticity. - Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. - xiv, 482 p., [8] p. of plates: ill. (some col.). - (Oxford series in behavioral neuroendocrinology). - Bibliogr.: p.309-443. - Auth. ind.: p.445-462. - Sub. ind.: p.463-482. - ISBN 978-0-19-532661-1
 

Оглавление / Contents
 
Preface and Acknowledgments .................................. xiii

Chapter 1  Hormones and the Mutable Brain ....................... 3
   Introduction: Endocrine Glands, Brain Plasticity,
   Homeostasis, Allostasis, and Homeodynamics ................... 3
   Hie Nervous System is in a Constant State of Remodeling:
   Cellular Plasticity and Cellular Replacement ................. 8
   The Classic Concept of Brain Plasticity: Cajal's Heritage ... 11
   Cellular Replacement: A New Concept 15 Role of Hormones on
   Brain Mutability: Plasticity and Metaplasticity ............. 16

Chapter 2  Brain Plasticity Regulates Hormonal Homeodynamics ... 21
   Introduction: Brain Plasticity Regulates the Activity of
   Endocrine Glands ............................................ 21
   Neuroglial Remodeling Associated with Hormonal Secretion
   by Hypothalamic Magnocellular Neurons ....................... 23
   Neuroglial Remodeling in the Neurohypophysis ................ 29
   Neuroglial Remodeling Associated with Parvocellular
   Hypothalamic Neurons ........................................ 30
   Neuroglial Remodeling in the Median Eminence ................ 34
   Brain Plasticity and the Control of Hormonal
   Homeodynamics: A Recapitulation ............................. 41

Chapter 3  Hormonal Influences on Brain Plasticity:
   I. Melatonin, Thyroid Hormones and Corticosteroids .......... 43
   Introduction: A Large Variety of Hormones Regulate Brain
   Plasticity .................................................. 43
   Hormones or Paracrine Factors? .............................. 47
   Melatonin ................................................... 48
   Thyroid Hormones ............................................ 51
   Stress, Corticosteroids, and Brain Plasticity ............... 53

Chapter 4  Hormonal Influences on Brain Plasticity:
   II. Sex Hormones ............................................ 65
   Introduction: Sex Hormones and Brain Remodeling ............. 65
   The First Evidences ......................................... 65
   Regulation by Estradiol and Progesterone of Synaptic and
   Glial Remodeling in the Arcuate Nucleus ..................... 69
   Regulation by Estradiol and Progesterone of Synaptic
   Remodeling in the Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus ......... 78
   Regulation by Estradiol and Progesterone of Synaptic
   Remodeling in the Hippocampus ............................... 79
   Regulation by Estradiol and Progesterone of Glial
   Remodeling in the Hippocampus ............................... 86
   Regulation by Estradiol and Progesterone of Adult
   Neurogenesis ................................................ 88
   Role of Brain Estradiol Synthesis in the Regulation of
   Synaptic Plasticity and Neuronal Replacement ................ 91
   Androgens, Synaptic Plasticity, and Cellular Replacement
   in the Song System of Songbirds ............................. 96
   Androgens and Synaptic Plasticity in Motoneurons ............ 98
   Androgens, Synaptic plasticity, and Cellular Replacement
   in the Mammalian Brain ...................................... 99

Chapter 5  Hormonal Influences on Brain Plasticity:
   III. Peptide Hormones ...................................... 105
   Introduction: Peptide Hormones as Regulators of Brain
   Remodeling ................................................. 105
   Vasopressin and Oxytocin ................................... 106
   Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone and Urocortins ............. 108
   Prolactin .................................................. 111
   Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ............................. 112
   Insulin .................................................... 113
   Growth Hormone/Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I ................ 118
   Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I and Synaptic Plasticity ....... 120
   Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I and Adult Neurogenesis ........ 122
   Interactions of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I and Estradiol
   in the Regulation of Brain Plasticity ...................... 125
   Erythropoietin ............................................. 131
   Angiotensin ................................................ 133
   Feeding Hormones: Leptin, Ghrelin and Glucagon-Like
   Peptide-1 .................................................. 134
   Hormonal Influences on Brain Plasticity: Recapitulation
   of the Chapters 3,4 and 5 .................................. 139

Chapter 6  Life Stages, Hormones, and Brain Remodeling:
   Early Hormonal Influences on Brain Mutability .............. 141
   Introduction: Hormonal Imprinting of the Nervous System .... 141
   Hormonal Orchestration of Neural Development during
   Prenatal Life .............................................. 145
   Thyroid Hormones ........................................... 145
   Sex Hormones ............................................... 147
   Enduring Effects of Prenatal Stress ........................ 151
   Peptide Hormones ........................................... 154
   Hormonal Regulation of Brain Mutability during Early
   Postnatal Life ............................................. 156
   Metamorphosis in Vertebrates ............................... 156
   Thyroid Hormone Regulation of Postnatal Brain Development
   in Non-Metamorphic Vertebrates ............................. 158
   Gonadal Hormones ........................................... 159
   Stress Hormones ............................................ 169
   Peptide Hormones ........................................... 171
   Early Hormonal Influences on Brain Mutability:
   Recapitulation ............................................. 174

Chapter 7  Life Stages, Hormones, and Brain Remodeling: The
   Transition from Childhood to Adulthood ..................... 177
   Introduction: Prepubertal Maturation, Puberty, and
   Adolescence ................................................ 177
   Brain Remodeling during the Transition from Childhood to
   Adulthood .................................................. 178
   Hormones as Regulators of Brain Plasticity during
   Prepubertal Maturation, Puberty, and Adolescence ........... 182
   Brain Remodeling as a Cause of Hormonal Changes during
   Puberty .................................................... 186
   Chapter Summary ............................................ 190

Chapter 8  Life Stages, Hormones, and Brain Remodeling:
   Adult Reproductive Life .................................... 193
   Introduction: Hormonal Regulation of Brain Plasticity
   during Adult Life .......................................... 193
   Hormones and Circadian Brain Plasticity .................... 197
   Hormones and Seasonal Brain Plasticity ..................... 200
   Seasonal Brain Plasticity in the Song System of
   Songbirds .................................................. 203
   Extreme Seasonal Brain Plasticity in Mammals:
   Hibernation ................................................ 207
   Brain Plasticity and the Control of Hormonal
   Homeodynamics in Seasonal Breeders ......................... 212
   Brain Plasticity and Reproductive Cycles in Nonseasonal
   Breeders ................................................... 213
   Brain Structures Controlling GnRH Neurons .................. 213
   The Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus ...................... 220
   The Hippocampus ............................................ 221
   Hormones and Brain Remodeling during Motherhood ............ 222
   Social Interactions, Hormones, and Brain Plasticity ........ 226
   Traumatic Experiences, Hormones, and Brain Plasticity ...... 228
   Chapter Summary ............................................ 230

Chapter 9  Life Stages, Hormones, and Brain Remodeling:
   Disease and Neuroprotection ................................ 231
   Introduction: Altered Cross Talk between Endocrine Glands
   and the Brain under Pathological Conditions ................ 231
   Pathological Brain Remodeling Affects Hormonal
   Secretions ................................................. 232
   Pathological Alterations in Hormonal Levels or Hormonal
   Signaling Affect Brain Plasticity .......................... 235
   Hormones Regulate Plasticity and Exert Neuroprotective
   Actions in the Injured Brain ............................... 239
   Peptide Hormones ........................................... 240
   Melatonin and Thyroid Hormones ............................. 244
   Steroid Hormones ........................................... 245
   Glucocorticoids ............................................ 245
   Dehydroepiandrosterone ..................................... 246
   Sex Steroids ............................................... 247
   Progesterone ............................................... 248
   Estradiol and Estrogens .................................... 251
   Testosterone ............................................... 264
   Neurosteroids .............................................. 269
   Chapter Summary ............................................ 274

Chapter 10 Life Stages, Hormones, and Brain Remodeling:
   Aging ...................................................... 275
   Introduction: Changes in Brain Plasticity and Endocrine
   Function with Aging ........................................ 275
   Biological Significance of Endocrine Function Changes
   with Aging ................................................. 283
   Brain Mutability Regulates Aging-Associated Changes
   in Endocrine Function ...................................... 284
   Hormones Regulate Aging-Associated Changes in Brain
   Mutability ................................................. 285
   A Paradox: Unexpected Relations between Brain Aging,
   Hormones, and Longevity .................................... 288
   Hormone Therapy and Healthy Brain Aging .................... 292
   Does Aging Affects Brain Responsiveness to Hormones? ....... 296
   Does the Brain Have Mechanisms to Counterbalance
   Hormonal Changes with Aging? ............................... 299
   Opportunities for Therapeutic Intervention: Hormone
   Therapies and Beyond ....................................... 302
   Hormones and Brain Aging: Summary .......................... 304
   Concluding Summary ......................................... 307

Bibliography .................................................. 309

Author Index .................................................. 445

Subject Index ................................................. 463


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