Nagy N.M. Interfacial chemistry of rocks and soils (Boca Raton; London, 2010). - ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ / CONTENTS
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ОбложкаNagy N.M. Interfacial chemistry of rocks and soils / N.M.Nagy, J.Kónya. - Boca Raton: CRC; London: Taylor & Francis, 2010. - xiv, 229 p.: ill. - (Surfactant science series; 148). - Incl. bibl. ref. - Ind.: p.221-229. - ISBN 978-1-4200-9132-8
 

Оглавление / Contents
 
Preface ...................................................... xiii

Chapter 1  Components of Soil and Rock—Solution Systems ......... 1
1.1  Solid: Soil and Rock ....................................... 1
     1.1.1  Mineral and Chemical Composition of Rocks and
            Soils ............................................... 2
            1.1.1.1  Silicates .................................. 3
            1.1.1.2  Oxides ..................................... 9
            1.1.1.3  Other Minerals ............................ 10
     1.1.2  Organic Matter in Soil ............................. 11
     1.1.3  Particle and Pore Sizes, External and Internal
            Surfaces ........................................... 13
1.2  Liquid: Soil and Groundwater Solutions .................... 15
     1.2.1  Compositions of Natural Water ...................... 15
     1.2.2  Parameters Affecting Chemical Speciation ........... 15
     1.2.3  Dissolution and Precipitation of Solids ............ 22
     1.2.4  Properties of Very Dilute Solutions ................ 27
1.3  Interface of Rock/Soil—Aqueous Solutions .................. 29
     1.3.1  The Structure of the Interface ..................... 30
     1.3.2  Characterization of the Interface of Geological
            System/Groundwater ................................. 33
            1.3.2.1  Characterization of External Surfaces ..... 33
            1.3.2.2  Characterization of Internal Surfaces ..... 39
     1.3.3  Interfacial Processes Related to External and
            Internal Surfaces .................................. 40
            1.3.3.1  Adsorption ................................ 40
            1.3.3.2  Ion Exchange .............................. 41
            1.3.3.3  Precipitation ............................. 44
            1.3.3.4  Evaluation and Separation of Interfacial
                     Processes ................................. 45
     1.3.4  Quantitative Treatment of Interfacial Processes .... 45
            1.3.4.1  Adsorption Isotherms ...................... 45
            1.3.4.2  Treatment of Ion-Exchange Processes ....... 51
            1.3.4.3  Treatment of Simultaneous Ion-Exchange
                     and Adsorption Processes .................. 63
            1.3.4.4  Treatment of Heterogeneous Isotope
                     Exchange .................................. 64
     1.3.5  Catalytic Effects of Clays ......................... 64
     1.3.6  Kinetics of Interfacial Processes in Rocks and
            Soils .............................................. 66
            1.3.6.1  Steps in Interfacial Reactions ............ 67
            1.3.6.2  Migration of Water-Soluble Substances in
                     Rocks and Soils ........................... 70
References ..................................................... 75

Chapter 2  Interfacial Processes in Geological Systems
           Studies on Montmorillonite Model Substance .......... 83
2.1  Use of Montmorillonite as a Model Substance: The
     Important Interfacial Processes on Montmorillonite ........ 84
     2.1.1  Crystal Structure and Layer Charge of
            Montmorillonite .................................... 84
     2.1.2  Clay-Water Interactions ............................ 86
     2.1.3  Edge Charges of Montmorillonite .................... 88
     2.1.4  Montmorillonite as a Model Substance ............... 89
2.2  Cation Exchange: Outer-Sphere Complexation ................ 90
2.3  Synthesis and Characterization of Cation-Exchanged
     Montmorillonites .......................................... 94
2.4  Surface Acid-Base Properties of Montmorillonite ........... 98
     2.4.1  Formation of Edge Sites on Montmorillonite ......... 98
     2.4.2  Effect of Permanent Charge on the Study of Edge
            Charges ............................................ 99
     2.4.3  Acid-Base Properties of Cation-Exchanged
            Montmorillonites .................................. 100
2.5  Ion Adsorption on the External Surfaces .................. 104
     2.5.1  Some Examples of Ion Sorption Processes on
            Montmorillonite ................................... 105
            2.5.1.1  Sorption of Zinc Ion on
                     Montmorillonite .......................... 105
            2.5.1.2  Sorption of Manganese Ion on
                     Montmorillonite .......................... 106
            2.5.1.3  Sorption of Palladium Ion on
                     Montmorillonite .......................... 106
            2.5.1.4  Sorption of Lead Ions on
                     Montmorillonite .......................... 108
2.6  Separation of Interfacial Processes of Montmorillonite ... 109
2.7  Role of Hydrogen Ions in the Interfacial and
     Dissolution Processes of Montmorillonite ................. 112
     2.7.1  Effect of Hydrogen Ion on Cation-Exchange
            Processes ......................................... 112
     2.7.2  Acidic Destruction of Montmorillonite ............. 117
2.8  Effect of Complexation Agents ............................ 118
     2.8.1  Effect of Complex Formation in the EDTA/
            Ca-Montmorillonite System ......................... 122
     2.8.2  Effect of Complex Formation in the EDTA/
            Ca-Montmorillonite/Manganese(II) Ion System ....... 126
     2.8.3  Effect of Stability Constants on the Cation
            Composition of the Interlayer Space ............... 129
     2.8.4  Effect of Complex Formation in the EDTA/
            Ca-Montmorillonite/Lead(II) Ion System ............ 130
2.9  Sorption of Organic Matter on Minerals ................... 133
     2.9.1  Sorption of EDTA on Montmorillonite ............... 133
     2.9.2  Sorption of Valine on Montmorillonite ............. 134
2.10 Transformations Initiated by Interfacial Processes
     of Montmorillonite ....................................... 139
     2.10.1 Oxidation of Mn(II) Ion and Formation of a
            Nanolayer in the Interlayer Space of
            Montmorillonite ................................... 140
     2.10.2 Formation of an Iron(III) Oxyhydroxide Nanolayer
            in the Interlayer Space of Montmorillonite ........ 143
     2.10.3 Reduction of Ions ................................. 147
            2.10.3.1 Reduction of Silver and Palladium Ion .... 147
            2.10.3.2 Reduction of Fe(III) Ions ................ 149
     2.10.4 Heterogeneous Nucleation on Edge Sites: 
            Formation of Lead Oxide Fine Particles on the
            Edges of Montmorillonite .......................... 150
References .................................................... 160

Chapter 3  Interfacial Reactions at Rock and Soil 
           Interfaces ......................................... 169
3.1  Relationship between Interfacial Properties and
     Geological Origin of Bentonite Clay ...................... 169
     3.1.1  Geological and Mineral Characteristics of
            Sajóbábony Bentonites ............................. 170
     3.1.2  Interfacial Properties of Bentonite Samples from
            Sajóbábony (HU) ................................... 173
     3.1.3  Relations of Geological Origin and Interfacial
            Properties ........................................ 177
     3.1.4  Applications of Bentonites of Different 
            Interfacial Properties ............................ 178
3.2  Migration of Water-Soluble Substances in Rocks ........... 179
     3.2.1  Sorption and Migration of Carrier-Free
            Radioactive Isotopes in Rocks ..................... 179
            3.2.1.1  A Model Predicting Migration Rate on 
                     the Basis of Mineral Composition ......... 179
            3.2.1.2  The Application of the Linear Model for 
                     the Sorption of Cs-137 and Sr-85 Ions .... 182
     3.2.2  Effect of Sorption on the Migration of Ions in
            Bentonite ......................................... 189
     3.2.3  Effect of Precipitation in Migration .............. 193
3.3  Interfacial Acid-Base Properties of Soils ................ 194
3.4  Sorption of Cyanide Anion on Soil and Sediment ........... 198
References .................................................... 205

Chapter 4  Experimental Methods in Studying Interfacial
           Processes of Rocks and Soils ....................... 207
4.1  Analysis of the Solid Phase .............................. 207
     4.1.1  Methods of Chemical Analyses ...................... 207
     4.1.2  Study of Mineral Composition ...................... 209
     4.1.3  Study of Morphology ............................... 210
     4.1.4  Study of Soil Organic Matter ...................... 211
4.2  Analysis of the Liquid Phase ............................. 212
4.3  Study of Interfaces ...................................... 213
References .................................................... 218

Index ......................................................... 221


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