 | Bechtel W. Discovering complexity: decomposition and localization as strategies in scientific research / W.Bechtel, R.C.Richardson. - Cambridge; London: MIT Press, 2010. - ix, 286 p.: ill. - Ref.: p.257-280. - Ind.: p.281-286. - ISBN 978-0-262-51473-6
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Preface to the MIT Press Edition ............................... xi
Preface to the Original Edition .............................. xiii
Introduction: Discovering Complexity—Further Perspectives .... xvii
1 The Appearance of a New Mechanistic Philosophy of
Science ................................................... xvii
2 Discovery Heuristics: Conceptual and Experimental ........... xx
3 Decomposition and Localization .......................... xxviii
4 Recomposing and Situating Mechanisms .................... xxxvii
5 Model Systems, Conserved Mechanisms, and Generalization ..... xl
6 Rethinking Emergence ...................................... xliv
7 Conclusion ............................................... xlvii
Part I: Scientific Discovery and Rationality
Chapter 1
Cognitive Strategies and Scientific Discovery ................... 3
1 Rationalizing Scientific Discovery ........................... 3
2 Procedural Rationality ...................................... 11
Chapter 2
Complex Systems and Mechanistic Explanations ................... 17
1 Mechanistic Explanation ..................................... 17
2 Decomposition and Localization .............................. 23
3 Hierarchy and Organization .................................. 27
4 Conclusion: Failure of Localization ......................... 31
Part II: Emerging Mechanisms
Introduction ................................................... 35
Chapter 3
Identifying the Locus of Control ............................... 39
1 Introduction: Identifying System and Context ................ 39
2 External Control: The Environment as a Control .............. 41
3 Internal Control: The System as a Control ................... 47
4 Fixing on a Locus of Control: The Cell in Respiration ....... 51
5 Conclusion: Localization of Function ........................ 59
Chapter 4
Direct Localization ............................................ 63
1 Introduction: Relocating Control ............................ 63
2 Phrenology and Cerebral Localization ........................ 65
3 Competing Models of Cellular Respiration .................... 72
4 Conclusion: Direct Localization and Competing Mechanisms .... 88
Chapter 5
The Rejection of Mechanism ..................................... 93
1 Introduction: Mechanism and Its Opponents ................... 93
2 Flourens and the Integrity of the Nervous System ............ 95
3 The Vitalist Opposition to Mechanistic Physiology ........... 99
4 Conclusion: Settling for Descriptions ...................... 113
Part III: Elaborating Mechanisms
Introduction .................................................. 119
Chapter 6
Complex Localization .......................................... 125
1. Introduction: Constraints on Localization .................. 125
2 Тор-Down Constraints ....................................... 128
3 Bottom-Up Constraints ...................................... 138
4 Conclusion: The Rise and Decline of Decomposability ........ 145
Chapter 7
Integrated Mechanisms ......................................... 149
1 Introduction: Replacing a Direct Localization .............. 149
2 Direct Localization of Fermentation in Zymase .............. 153
3 A Complex Linear Model of Fermentation ..................... 156
4 An Integrated System Responsible for Fermentation .......... 163
5 Conclusion: The Discovery of Integration ................... 168
Chapter 8
Reconstituting the Phenomena .................................. 173
1 Introduction: Biochemical Genetics ......................... 173
2 Classical Genetics ......................................... 175
3 Developmental Genetics ..................................... 181
4 One Gene/One Enzyme ........................................ 188
5 Conclusion: Reconstituting the Phenomena ................... 192
Part IV: Emergent Mechanism
Introduction .................................................. 199
Chapter 9
"Emergent" Phenomena in Interconnected Networks ............... 202
1 Introduction: Dispensing with Modules ...................... 202
2 Hierarchical Control: Hughlings Jackson's Analysis of
the Nervous System ......................................... 203
3 Parallel Distributed Processing and Cognition .............. 210
4 Distributed Mechanisms for Genomic Regulation .............. 223
5 Conclusion: Mechanistic Explanations without Functional
Decomposition and Localization ............................. 227
Chapter 10
Constructing Causal Explanations .............................. 230
1 Decomposition and Localization in Perspective .............. 230
2 Four Constraints on Development ............................ 234
3 Conclusion: Looking Forward ................................ 243
Notes ......................................................... 245
References .................................................... 257
Index ......................................................... 281
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