Part I Landscape Ecology and Forest Management
Chapter 1 Managing Forest Landscapes under Global Change
Scenarios ............................................ 3
1.1 Introduction ............................................... 4
1.2 Forest management .......................................... 6
1.3 New challenges in a changing globe ........................ 17
1.4 Landscape ecology contributions ........................... 19
1.5 Conclusion remarks ........................................ 20
References ..................................................... 20
Chapter 2 Landscape Ecology Contributions to Forestry and
Forest Management in China: Progresses and
Research Needs ...................................... 22
2.1 Introduction .............................................. 23
2.2 China's forestry and forest management .................... 25
2.3 Challenges and emerging global issues in forestry ......... 32
2.4 Contributions of landscape ecology to forest management
and conservation .......................................... 34
2.5 Research needs for forest landscape management ............ 37
2.6 Concluding remarks ........................................ 40
Acknowledgements ............................................... 41
References ..................................................... 41
Chapter 3 Issues Facing Forest Management in Canada, and
Predictive Ecosystem Management Tools for
Assessing Possible Futures .......................... 46
3.1 A brief history of forestry in Canada ..................... 47
3.2 Canada's lands and forests ................................ 49
3.3 Issues facing forestry in Canada today .................... 51
3.4 How can Canadian forestry respond to these and other
issues? One way is ecosystem management modeling .......... 60
3.5 Conclusions ............................................... 67
References ..................................................... 68
Part II Modeling Disturbance and Succession in Forest
Landscapes
Chapter 4 Challenges and Needs in Fire Management: A
Landscape Simulation Modeling Perspective ........... 75
4.1 Introduction .............................................. 76
4.2 Simulation modeling in fire management .................... 77
4.3 Technical challenges in fire management modeling .......... 79
4.4 A fire management simulation example ...................... 82
4.5 Research and management needs and solutions ............... 89
4.6 Summary ................................................... 92
References ..................................................... 93
Chapter 5 Using Landscape Disturbance and Succession Models
to Support Forest Management ........................ 99
5.1 Introduction ............................................. 100
5.2 Overview of landscape disturbance and succession
models ................................................... 101
5.3 Case studies ............................................. 103
5.4 General conclusions ...................................... 113
5.5 Future of LDSMs in decision-making ....................... 115
Acknowledgements .............................................. 116
References .................................................... 116
Chapter 6 Research Methods for Assessing the Impacts of
Forest Disturbance on Hydrology at Large-scale
Watersheds .......................................... 119
6.1 Introduction ............................................. 120
6.2 Definition of large-scale watersheds ..................... 122
6.3 Quantification of forest disturbance ..................... 123
6.4 Research methods on assessing impacts of forest
disturbance on hydrology at large-scale watersheds ....... 126
6.5 Future directions ........................................ 138
6.6 Conclusions .............................................. 140
Acknowledgements .............................................. 141
References .................................................... 141
Chapter 7 Software Applications to Three-Dimensional
Visualization of Forest Landscapes — A Case Study
Demonstrating the Use of Visual Nature Studio
(VNS) in Visualizing Fire Spread in Forest
Landscapes ......................................... 148
7.1 Introduction ............................................. 149
7.2 Forest landscape visualization ........................... 150
7.3 Results and discussion ................................... 167
7.4 Conclusion ............................................... 172
7.5 Future wildfire visualization research ................... 173
Acknowledgements .............................................. 174
References .................................................... 174
Chapter 8 Predicting Tree Growth Dynamics of Boreal Forest
in Response to Climate Change ...................... 176
8.1 Introduction ............................................. 176
8.2 Materials and methods .................................... 178
8.3 Results .................................................. 191
8.4 Discussion ............................................... 198
8.5 Conclusions .............................................. 202
Acknowledgements .............................................. 202
References .................................................... 203
Part III Emerging Approaches in Forest Landscape
Conservation
Chapter 9 The Next Frontier: Projecting the Effectiveness
of Broad-scale Forest Conservation Strategies ...... 209
9.1 Introduction ............................................. 210
9.2 Template project: Wild Rivers Legacy Forest and Two
Hearted River Watershed .................................. 220
9.3 Conclusions and implications: Pushing the frontier ....... 226
References .................................................... 227
Chapter 10 Forest Avian Species Richness Distribution and
Management Guidelines under Global Change in
Mediterranean Landscapes ........................... 231
10.1 Introduction ............................................ 232
10.2 Material and methods .................................... 236
10.3 Results and discussion .................................. 239
10.4 Concluding remarks and forest management guidelines ..... 247
Acknowledgements .............................................. 248
References .................................................... 248
Chapter 11 Development of a Forest Network System to
Improve the Zoning Process: A Case Study in
Japan .............................................. 252
11.1 Background of the Japanese forest policy and
methodological problems .................................. 253
11.2 State of the public participation ........................ 257
11.3 How to improve the current zoning process ................ 260
11.4 On the effective use of social backgrounds and
evaluation ............................................... 263
11.5 Experts vs. the general public ........................... 267
11.6 Perspectives of the future ............................... 269
References .................................................... 270
Chapter 12 Forest Fragmentation: Causes, Ecological Impacts
and Implications for Landscape Management .......... 273
12.1 Fragmentation: A plenitude of definitions ................ 274
12.2 Demographic development and anthropogenic activity as
drivers of fragmentation ................................. 277
12.3 Empirical evidences of the impact of fragmentation on
biodiversity ............................................. 282
12.4 Implications for landscape management — conclusions ...... 287
Acknowledgements .............................................. 292
References .................................................... 292
Part IV Practicing Sustainable Forest Landscape Management
Chapter 13 Application of Landscape and Habitat Suitability
Models to Conservation: The Hoosier National
Forest Land-management Plan ........................ 299
13.1 Introduction ............................................. 300
13.2 Methods .................................................. 303
13.3 Results .................................................. 308
13.4 Discussion ............................................... 320
13.5 Recommendations for future planning efforts .............. 324
Acknowledgements .............................................. 325
References .................................................... 325
Chapter 14 Agriculture Abandonment, Land-use Change
and Fire Hazard in Mountain Landscapes in
Northeastern Portugal ............................. 329
14.1 Introduction ............................................. 330
14.2 Methodology .............................................. 333
14.3 Results .................................................. 337
14.4 Discussion ............................................... 345
14.5 Implications for management .............................. 346
14.6 Conclusion ............................................... 347
Acknowledgements .............................................. 348
References .................................................... 348
Chapter 15 Overview of Biodiversity Loss in South
America: A Landscape Perspective for
Sustainable Forest Management and Conservation
in Temperate Forests ............................... 352
15.1 Introduction ............................................. 353
15.2 The biological importance of the native temperate
forests of South America ................................. 357
15.3 Threats to native forests ................................ 358
15.4 Forest management and conservation strategies:
A response to native forests' threats .................... 363
15.5 Management solutions: Modeling dynamics of forest
ecosystems ............................................... 366
15.6 Conclusions .............................................. 370
References .................................................... 372
Chapter 16 Conservation of Biodiversity in Managed
Forests: Developing an Adaptive Decision
Support System ..................................... 380
16.1 Introduction ............................................. 381
16.2 Methods .................................................. 382
16.3 Results .................................................. 387
16.4 Discussion ............................................... 391
Acknowledgements .............................................. 394
References .................................................... 394
Appendix ...................................................... 398
Index ......................................................... 400
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