Bąk M. Tethyan radiolarians at the Cenomanian-Turonian anoxic event from the Apennines (Umbria-Marche) and the Outer Carpathians: palaeoecological and palaeoenvironmental implications. - Kraków: Instytut Nauk Geologicznych PAN, 2011. - 279 p.: ill. - (Studia Geologica Polonica, ISSN 0081-6426; 134) (Methods and Applications in Micropalaeontology / ed. by J.Tyszka; pt.2). - Bibliogr. p.262-279. - ISBN 978-83-61375-24-1  Место хранения:   018 | Институт нефтегазовой геологии и геофизики им. А.А.Трофимука | Новосибирск | Библиотека

Оглавление / Contents

Abstract ........................................................ 9 Introduction .................................................... 9 Geological setting ............................................. 12 Regional setting ............................................ 12 Umbria-Marche basin ...................................... 12 Outer Carpathian basins .................................. 14 Upper Cenomanian-Lower Turonian lithostratigraphy and lithology ................................................... 14 Umbria-Marche basin ...................................... 14 Outer Carpathian basin ................................... 17 Remarks on Upper Cenomanian-Lower Turonian stratigraphy ..... 18 Material ....................................................... 20 Umbria-Marche basin ......................................... 20 Outer Carpathian basins ..................................... 20 Barnasiówka-Jasienica (BJ) and Barnasiówka-Ostra Góra (OG) sections ............................................ 20 Trzemeśnia section (Tr) .................................. 23 Lanckorona section (Lc) .................................. 23 Zasań section (Zas) ...................................... 23 Methods ........................................................ 23 Methods of micropalaeontological analyses ................... 23 Microfacies and micro-laminae analyses ...................... 27 Diversity measure of radiolarians (partly also foraminifers) ............................................... 27 Carbon isotope record and phosphorus data ................... 28 Results ........................................................ 29 Correlation of the studied sections ......................... 29 Mid-Cenomanian Event ..................................... 29 Middle-Upper Cenomanian Boundary ......................... 31 Bonarelli Level vs OAE2 .................................. 32 Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary ............................. 33 Lower-Middle Turonian Boundary ........................... 33 Chronostratigraphic correlation ............................. 36 Correlation with phosphorus data in the Umbria-Marche Basin ....................................................... 36 Radiolarian record .......................................... 37 Umbria-Marche basin ...................................... 37 Outer Carpathians - Silesian basin ....................... 47 Outer Carpathians - Subsilesian basin .................... 73 Systematic description ...................................... 76 Order Nassellaria ........................................ 76 Order Spumellaria ....................................... 119 Order Entactinaria ...................................... 148 Qualitative characteristics of the radiolarian assemblages ................................................ 156 Contributions of Nassellaria, Spumellaria, and Entactinaria ............................................ 156 General distribution patterns at the family, genus and species level ........................................... 156 Radiolarian diversity ...................................... 162 Species richness ........................................ 162 Equitability ............................................ 162 Evenness ................................................ 167 Dominance ............................................... 168 Species diversity based on Shannon and Simpson indices ................................................. 169 Taxon clustering ........................................... 170 Radiolarian frequency bar-charts ........................ 170 Cluster analysis ........................................ 171 Contributions of radiolarian groups in the Umbria-Marche basin .................................. 173 Contributions of radiolarian groups in the Outer Carpathian basins .................................... 189 Comparison to the North European Platform (NEP) ...... 192 Correspondence Analysis (CA) ............................ 193 Grouping by relay index ................................. 197 Micro-laminae analysis ..................................... 201 Laminae accumulation rates .............................. 203 Results of micro-laminae analysis ....................... 206 Radiolarian test size variability .......................... 210 Biostratigraphy ............................................ 213 Radiolarian datum events vs diversity ................... 213 Umbria-Marche basin .................................. 213 Outer Carpathian basins .............................. 217 Radiolarian datum events in relation to carbon isotopic curve .......................................... 218 Radiolarian biostratigraphy ............................. 219 Hemicryptocapsa prepolyhedra Interval Zone ........... 220 Hemicryptocapsa polyhedra Interval Zone .............. 221 Alievium superbum Taxon Range Zone ................... 221 Alievium superbum - Xitus mclaughlini Concurent Range Subzone ........................................ 222 Correlation with ammonite and foraminiferal zonal schemes ................................................. 222 Comparison with previous radiolarian biozonations of the Western Tethys ...................................... 224 Interpretation and discussion ................................. 225 Impact of C-T press extinction event on radiolarian evolution .................................................. 225 New data on radiolarian first and last occurrences ...... 226 Radiolarian response on C-T press extinction ............ 229 Lazarus effect .......................................... 229 Radiolarian flux and their preservation potential .......... 232 Dissolution of radiolarians ............................. 232 Role of fecal pellets in particles transport ............ 233 Radiolarian skeleton versus fecal pellets and marine snow particles .......................................... 235 Contribution of grazers and OMZ to radiolarian flux ..... 236 Distribution of radiolaria and other plankton constituents in relation to nutrients availability ......... 236 Role of phosphorus and nitrogen sequestration in changes of plankton communities ......................... 237 Radiolarians vs primary producers and nutrient availability ............................................ 241 Radiolarian proliferation vs silicic acid concentration ........................................... 243 Role of the mesopelagic zone in nutrient cycle .......... 243 Environmental changes around the OAE2 and their influence on radiolarian assemblages ................................. 245 Background conditions for radiolarian changes (interval up to 330 ka before the Bonarelli Event) ...... 245 Ecozone I (330-150 ka before the BL) .................... 246 Ecozone II (from 150 ka up to onset of the BL) .......... 247 Ecozone III (Bonarelli Interval) ........................ 250 Ecozone IV (above BL until 940 ka beyond) ............... 253 Interpretation of life habitats of Cretaceous radiolarians ............................................... 254 Radiolarian feeding strategies .......................... 255 Radiolarian interspecific size variability .............. 255 Radiolarian ecological preferences ...................... 256 Conclusions ................................................... 260 Acknowledgements .............................................. 262 References .................................................... 262