Mogi K. Experimental rock mechanics (London; Leiden, 2007). - ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ / CONTENTS
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ОбложкаMogi K. Experimental rock mechanics. - London; Leiden: Taylor & Francis, 2007. - xiv, 361 p.: ill. - (Geomechanics research series; 3). - Incl. bibl. ref. - Sub. ind.: p.359-361. - ISBN-10 0-415-39443-0; ISBN-13 978-0-415-39443-7; ISSN 0929-4856
 

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Оглавление / Contents
 
Preface ........................................................ XI
About the author ............................................. XIII

PART I  DEFORMATION AND FRACTURE OF ROCKS

Chapter 1  Precise measurements of fracture strength of 
           rocks under uniform compressive stress ............... 3
1.1  Present specimen design .................................... 4
1.2  Effect of length/diameter ratio to apparent strength and
     fracture angle ............................................. 6
1.3  Comparison with the conventional method ................... 11
1.4  Decrease of the end effects by confining pressure ......... 12
References ..................................................... 15

Chapter 2  Deformation and failure of rocks under confining
           pressure ............................................ 17
2.1  Deformation characteristics ............................... 17
     2.1.a  Experimental procedure ............................. 17
     2.1.b  Stress-strain relation ............................. 19
     2.1.с  Modulus of elasticity .............................. 23
     2.1.d  Permanent strain ................................... 26
     2.1.e  Effects of previous loading ........................ 26
            2.1.e.1  Hydrostatic pressure ...................... 21
            2.1.e.2  Axial compression ......................... 28
     2.1.f  Yield stress ....................................... 29
     2.1.g  Summary of the deformation characteristics ......... 31
2.2  Pressure dependence of compressive strength and brittle-
     ductile transition ........................................ 32
     2.2.a  Relation between strength and confining pressure ... 32
     2.2.b  The Coulomb-Mohr fracture criterion ................ 37
     2.2.с  Brittle-ductile transition ......................... 43
References ..................................................... 48

Chapter 3  Deformation and fracture of rocks under the
           triaxial compression: The effect of the 
           intermediate principal stress ....................... 51
3.1  History of compression experiments ........................ 51
     3.1.a   Axial loading test under lateral pressure ......... 52
     3.1.b  True triaxial compression test ..................... 52
3.2  Comparison between compression and extension under
     confining pressure ........................................ 56
     3.2.a  Introduction ....................................... 56
     3.2.b  Experimental procedure ............................. 57
            3.2.b.1  Confined compression test ................. 57
            3.2.b.2  Confined extension test ................... 58
     3.2.с  Specimen materials ................................. 60
     3.2.d  Experimental results ............................... 60
            3.2.d.1  Examination ofisotropyand homogeneity
                     by uniaxial compression tests ............. 60
            3.2.d.2  Comparison of confined compression and
                     extension tests ........................... 62
3.3  True triaxial compression experiments ..................... 66
     3.3.a  Introduction ....................................... 66
     3.3.b  Design of the true triaxial apparatus .............. 67
     3.3.с  Specimen design and strain measurement ............. 12
     3.3.d  Experimental procedure and rocks studied ........... 74
     3.3.e  Experimental results (I) - Stress-strain curves
            and fracture stresses .............................. 75
            3.3.e.1  Dunham dolomite ........................... 76
            3.3.e.2  Solnhofen limestone ....................... 82
            3.3.е.3  Yamaguchi marble .......................... 88
            3.3.e.4  Mizuho trachyte ........................... 94
            3.3.e.5  Manazuru andesite ......................... 96
            3.3.e.6  Inada granite ............................. 98
            З.З.е.7  Orikabe monzonite ......................... 98
            3.3.e.8  Summary ................................... 99
     3.3.f  Experimental results (2) - Yield stresses ......... 103
            3.3.f.1  Dunham dolomite .......................... 106
            3.3.f.2  Solnhofen limestone ...................... 108
            3.3.f.3  Yamaguchi marble ......................... 111
     3.3.g  Failure criteria of rocks ......................... 113
            3.3.g.1  Previous studies ......................... 113
            3.3.g.2  Fracture criterion ....................... 122
            3.3.g.3  Yield criterion .......................... 128
            3.3.g.4  Summary .................................. 130
     3.3.h  Ductility, fracture pattern and dilatancy ......... 131
            3.3.h.1  Ductility and stress drop ................ 131
            3.3.h.2  Fracture pattern ......................... 135
            3.3.h.3  Dilatancy ................................ 151
     3.3.i  Fracture of an inhomogeneous rock and an
            anisotropic rock .................................. 161
            3.3.i.1  Inhomogeneous rock ....................... 161
            3.3.i.2  Anisotropic rock ......................... 165
     3.3.j  Other recent experiments .......................... 181
     3.3.к  Future problems ................................... 185
References .................................................... 186
Appendix ...................................................... 190

PART II  ACOUSTIC EMISSION (AE)

Chapter 4  AE Activity ........................................ 197
4.1  Introduction ............................................. 197
4.2  AE activity under some simple loadings ................... 198
4.3  Three patterns of ЛЕ activity ............................ 205
References .................................................... 215

Chapter 5  Source location of AE .............................. 217
5.1  Introduction ............................................. 217
5.2  Experimental procedure ................................... 218
     5.2.a  Measurement of very high frequency elastic 
            waves ............................................. 218
     5.2.b  Determination of source location ofAE events ...... 220
            5.2.b.1  One-dimensional case ..................... 220
            5.2.b.2  Two-dimensional case ..................... 221
5.3  Experimental results ..................................... 222
     5.3.a  Granite (heterogeneous silicate rock) ............. 222
     5.3.b  Andesite  (moderately heterogeneous silicate
            rock) ............................................. 231
     5.3.с  Mizuho trachyte (nearly homogeneous silicate
            rock) ............................................. 232
     5.3.d  Yamaguchi marble with different grain sizes ....... 233
     5.3.e  Fracture of a semi-infinite body by an inner
            pressure source ................................... 234
References .................................................... 236

Chapter 6  Magnitude-frequency relation ofAE events ........... 239
6.1  Introduction ............................................. 239
6.2  Experimental procedure and specimen materials ............ 239
6.3  The m value in the Ishimoto-Iida Equation ................ 244
6.4  Types of the magnitude frequency relations and the
     structure of the medium .................................. 248
6.5  Effects of measurements by different frequencies and
     different dynamic ranges of acoustic waves ............... 250
References .................................................... 261

Chapter 7  AE Activity under cyclic loading ................... 263
7.1  Effect of tidal loading .................................. 263
     7.1.a  Introduction ...................................... 263
     7.1.b  Observations of AE events directly above the
            focal region of the 1980 earthquake swarm ......... 263
     7.1.c  Seismic activity and ocean tide ................... 271
7.2  AE under cyclic compression .............................. 277
     7.2.a  Experimental procedure ............................ 277
     7.2.b  AE events under cyclic compression ................ 280
7.3  AE under cyclic bending .................................. 286
     7.3.a  Introduction ...................................... 286
     7.3.b  Experiment A ...................................... 286
     7.3.с  Experiment В ...................................... 288
     7.3.d  Concluding remarks ................................ 299
References .................................................... 302

Part III  ROCK FRICTION AND EARTHQUAKES

Chapter 8  Laboratory experiment of rock friction ............. 307
8.1  Introduction ............................................. 307
8.2  New design of a double-shear type apparatus .............. 308
8.3  Experimental result ...................................... 315
References .................................................... 320

Chapter 9  Typical stick-slip events in nature and 
           earthquakes
9.1  Introduction ............................................. 321
9.2  Usu volcano and Unzen volcano, Japan ..................... 327
9.3  Sanriku-oki and Tokai-Nankai regions, Japan .............. 329
9.4  Stick-slip and fracture as an earthquake mechanism ....... 332
References .................................................... 333

Chapter 10 Some features in the occurrence of recent large
           earthquakes ........................................ 335
10.1 Global pattern of seismic activity ....................... 335
10.2 Active and quiet periods in the main seismic zones ....... 339
     10.2.a Alaska Aleutian - Kamchatka- N. Japan ............. 339
     10.2.b Alps Himalaya - Sunda ............................. 341
10.3 Some precursory seismic activity of recent large
     shallow earthquakes ...................................... 343
     10.3.а Introduction ...................................... 343
     10.3.Ь 2001 Bhuj (India) earthquake ...................... 344
     10.3.с 2003 Tokachi-oki (Japan) earthquake ............... 346
References .................................................... 357

Subject index ................................................. 159


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