Acknowledgments ................................................ xi
Editors ...................................................... xiii
Contributors ................................................... xv
SECTION I Introduction
Chapter 1 Introduction .......................................... 3
D.J. Gray and R.N. Trigiano
SECTION II Supporting Methodologies and General Concepts
Chapter 2 Getting Started with Tissue Culture-Media Preparation,
Sterile Technique, and Laboratory Equipment .......... 11
Caula A. Beyl
Chapter 3 Nutrition of Cell and Organ Cultures ................. 27
J.D. Caponetti and R.N. Trigiano
Chapter 4 PGRs and Their Use in Micropropagation ............... 33
Caula A. Beyl
Chapter 5 Elements of In Vitro Research ........................ 57
Michael E. Compton
Chapter 6 Proper Use of Microscopes ............................ 75
David T. Webb
Chapter 7 Plant Histological Techniques ........................ 99
R.N. Trigiano, D.J. Gray, K.R. Malueg, K.A. Pickens,
Z.-M. Cheng, and E.T. Graham
Chapter 8 A Brief Introduction to Plant Anatomy
and Morphology ...................................... 111
R.N. Trigiano, Jennifer A. Franklin, and D.J. Gray
Chapter 9 Seed Development and Germination .................... 127
Feng Chen, Ruth C. Martin, Songquan Song,
and Hiroyuki Nonogaki
Chapter 10 Molecular Tools for Studying Plant
Genetic Diversity .................................. 141
Timothy A. Rinehart, Xinwang Wang, R.N. Trigiano,
Naomi R. Rowland, and Rene E. DeVries
Chapter 11 Molecular Approaches to the Study of
Plant Development .................................. 155
Albrecht G. von Arnim and Byung-Hoon Kim
SECTION III Propagation and Development Concepts
Chapter 12 Propagation by Shoot Culture ....................... 181
Michael Kane
Chapter 13 Micropropagation of Syngonium by Shoot
Culture ............................................ 193
Michael Kane
Chapter 14 Micropropagation and In Vitro
Flowering of Rose .................................. 201
Michael Kane, Timothy Johnson, and Philip Kauth
Chapter 15 Micropropagation of Potato by Node Culture
and Microtuber Production .......................... 207
Michael Kane
Chapter 16 Commercial Laboratory Production ................... 213
G.R.L. Suttle
Chapter 17 Detection and Elimination of Microbial
Endophytes and Prevention of Contamination in Plant
Tissue Culture ..................................... 223
Alan C. Cassells
Chapter 18 Culture Indexing for Bacterial and Fungal
Contaminants ....................................... 239
Michael Kane, Philip Kauth, and Timothy Johnson
Chapter 19 Propagation from Nonmeristematic
Tissues-Organogenesis .............................. 245
Robert L. Geneve
Chapter 20 Developing a Molecular Understanding of
In Vitro and In Planta Shoot Organogenesis ......... 259
Ling Meng, Shibo Zhang, and Peggy G. Lemaux
Chapter 21 Direct Shoot Organogenesis from Leaf Explants
of Chrysanthemum and African Violets ............... 279
R.N. Trigiano, L.M. Vito, M.T. Windham,
Sarah Boggess, and Denita Hadziabdic
Chapter 22 Propagation from Nonmeristematic
Tissues—Nonzygotic Embryogenesis ................... 293
D. J. Gray
Chapter 23 Developmental and Molecular Aspects
of Nonzygotic (Somatic) Embryogenesis .............. 307
Xiyan Yang and Xianlong Zhang
Chapter 24 Embryogenic Callus and Suspension Cultures
from Leaves of Orchardgrass ........................ 327
D.J. Gray, R.N. Trigiano, and Bob V. Conger
Chapter 25 Direct Nonzygotic Embryogenesis from Leaves
and Flower Receptacles of Cineraria ................ 341
R.N. Trigiano, M.C. Scott, and K.R. Malueg
SECTION IV Crop Improvement Techniques
Chapter 26 Protoplasts-An Increasingly Valuable Tool
in Plant Research .................................. 349
Jude W. Grosser and Ahmad A. Omar
Chapter 27 Demonstration of Principles of Protoplast
Isolation Using Chrysanthemum and Orchardgrass
Leaves ............................................. 365
R. N. Trigiano
Chapter 28 Isolation, Culture, and Fusion of Tobacco
and Potato Protoplasts ............................. 373
Richard E. Veilleux and Michael E. Compton
Chapter 29 Haploid Cultures ................................... 385
Denita Hadziabdic, Phillip A. Wadl,
and Sandra M. Reed
Chapter 30 Production of Haploid Tobacco and Potato
Plants Using Anther Culture ........................ 397
Phillip A. Wadl, Sandra M. Reed,
and Denita Hadziabdic
Chapter 31 Embryo Rescue ...................................... 405
Tom Eeckhaut, Katrijn Van Laere,
and Johan Van Huylenbroeck
Chapter 32 Promoters and Gene Expression Regulation ........... 413
Zhijian T. Li and D.J. Gray
Chapter 33 Genetic Engineering Technologies ................... 423
Zhijian T. Li, Sadanand A. Dhekney, and D.J. Gray
Chapter 34 Transformation of Plant Meristems .................. 435
Jean H. Gould
Chapter 35 Genetic Transformation of Chysanthemum
and Tobacco Using Agrobacterium tumefaciens ........ 453
Margaret M. Young, Linas Padegimas,
Nancy A. Reichert, and R.N. Trigiano
Chapter 36 Genetic Transformation of Tobacco and
Production of Transgenic Plants .................... 467
Sadanand A. Dhekney, Zhijian T. Li, and D.J. Gray
Chapter 37 Genetically Modified Controversies ................. 473
H.A. Richards, L.C. Hudson, M.D. Halfhill,
and C.N. Stewart, Jr.
Chapter 38 Cryopreservation of Plant Cells, Tissues,
and Organs ......................................... 489
Barbara M. Reed, M.N. Normah,
and Svetlana V. Kushnarenko
Chapter 39 Cryopreservation of In Vitro Grown Shoot Tips ...... 497
Svetlana V. Kushnarenko, Barbara M. Reed,
and M.N. Normah
Chapter 40 Cryopreservation of Orthodox and
Recalcitrant Seed .................................. 507
M.N. Normah, W.K. Choo, Svetlana V. Kushnarenko,
and Barbara M. Reed
Chapter 41 Plant Biotechnology for the Production of
Natural Products ................................... 515
Ara Kirakosyan, E. Mitchell Seymour,
and Peter Kaufman
Chapter 42 Pigment Production in Ajuga Cell Cultures .......... 531
Mary Ann Lila and Randy B. Rogers
Chapter 43 Variation in Tissue Culture ........................ 543
Margaret A. Norton and Robert M. Skirvin
SECTION V The Business of Biotechnology
Chapter 44 Biotechnology Entrepreneurship
in the 21st Century ................................ 553
David W. Altman
Chapter 45 Intellectual Property Protection for Plants ........ 563
Chris Eisenschenk
Index ......................................................... 573
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