Preface to the Dover Edition ................................... xi
Preface ...................................................... xiii
Acknowledgments ............................................... xiv
INTRODUCTION .................................................... 1
1A History ..................................................... 2
1B Plan of the Book ........................................... 11
THE SIMPLE THEORY .............................................. 13
2A The Simplest Theory ........................................ 16
1 Conservation Laws ....................................... 16
2 D-Discussion ............................................ 21
3 Piston Problem .......................................... 21
2B Application of the Simplest Theory, Product Equations of
State ...................................................... 24
1 Equations of State Without Explicit Chemistry ........... 25
2 Equations of State With Explicit Chemistry .............. 31
3 Kamlet's Short Method ................................... 34
4 Quasistatic Cycle for Detonations ....................... 35
5 Overview ................................................ 38
2C The Zeldovich-von Neumann-Doering Model .................... 42
1 Example 1: Gas .......................................... 45
2 Example 2: Solid ........................................ 46
Appendix 2А. Formulae for Detonation in a Polytropic Gas ... 52
EXPERIMENTAL TESTS OF THE SIMPLE THEORY ........................ 55
3А Gases ...................................................... 56
1 Experiment .............................................. 59
2 Discussion .............................................. 65
3В Solids and Liquids ......................................... 68
1 Theory .................................................. 69
2 Experiment .............................................. 71
FLOW IN A REACTIVE MEDIUM ...................................... 75
4A The Model .................................................. 76
1 Chemical Reactions ...................................... 79
2 Equation of State and Rate .............................. 88
3 Equations of Motion ..................................... 89
4 Other Forms of the Equations of Motion .................. 91
6. Steady Solutions ........................................ 97
6. The Shock-Change Equation .............................. 101
4B Material Properties ....................................... 102
1 The Polytropic Gas ..................................... 103
2 Binary Mixture of Different Polytropic Gases ........... 105
4C Representative Flows ..................................... 108
1 Flow Without Reaction ................................. 109
2 Reaction Without Flow ................................. 109
3 Sound Waves in a Reactive Mixture ..................... 110
4 Shock Wave in a Reactive Mixture ....................... 110
5 Rarefaction Wave in a Reactive Mixture ................. 114
Appendix 4A. Chemical Reaction Equations .................. 114
Appendix 4B. Temperature from Internal Energy ............. 121
Appendix 4C. Equations of Motion for Slab, Cylinder, and
Sphere Symmetry ........................................... 124
Appendix 4D. Frozen and Equilibrium Sound Speeds and σ .... 126
Appendix 4E. Shock-Change Equations ....................... 131
STEADY DETONATION ............................................. 133
5A One Reaction, σ > 0 ....................................... 137
1 Properties at Fixed Composition ........................ 137
2 Properties at Equilibrium Composition .................. 139
3 Detonation with One Irreversible Reaction .............. 140
4 Detonation with One Reversible Reaction ................ 143
*5 Magnitude of the Effects of Reversibility ............... 147
*6 A Realistic Example: Hydrogen/Oxygen .................... 151
5B Two Irreversible Reactions ................................ 153
1 Both Reactions Exothermic .............................. 163
2 Second Reaction Endothermic (Eigenvalue Detonation) .... 168
5C* One Irreversible Reaction with a Mole Decrement
(Pathological Detonation) ................................. 174
6D* Two Reversible Reactions .................................. 176
1 The λ-plane ............................................ 177
2 D-Discussion ........................................... 180
3 The Piston Problem ..................................... 183
4 Examples ............................................... 189
5E* More Than Two Reactions ................................... 190
5F Inclusion of Transport Effects ............................ 191
5G Slightly Divergent Flow ................................... 199
1 The Steady-Flow Equations .............................. 204
2 Approximation for the Radial Derivative ................ 208
3 A Simple Example—Irreversible Reaction in an Ideal
Gas .................................................... 212
4 Effect of Chemical Equilibrium (Reversible Reaction) ... 220
5 The General Case ....................................... 224
6 Applications and Results ............................... 226
THE NONSTEADY SOLUTION ........................................ 230
6A Stability Theory .......................................... 233
1 General Theory ......................................... 233
2 The Square-Wave Detonation ............................. 238
3 Results ................................................ 246
4 Shock Stability ........................................ 252
6B* Approximate Theories ...................................... 258
1 Nonlinear Perturbation Theory .......................... 259
2 Geometrical Acoustics .................................. 267
3 One-Dimensional Oscillation in the Square-Wave
Detonation ............................................. 275
6C Finite-Difference Calculations ............................ 276
1 One Dimension .......................................... 278
*2 Two Dimensions .......................................... 288
STRUCTURE OF THE FRONT ........................................ 291
7A Overview .................................................. 292
1 An Intuitive Picture ................................... 293
2 The Triple Point ....................................... 295
3 The Simplest Regular Structure ......................... 298
4 Experimental Methods ................................... 301
5 Calculations ........................................... 303
7B Macroscopic Properties .................................... 306
1 Structures ............................................. 306
2 Spacing and Acoustic Coupling .......................... 312
3 The Transverse Wave .................................... 323
4 The Sonic Surface ...................................... 326
7C* Details of Structure ...................................... 327
1 Marginal Detonation in a Round Tube (Single Spin) ...... 328
2 Marginal Detonation in Rectangular Tubes ............... 332
3 Ordinary Detonation .................................... 341
7D Comparison of Theory and Experiment ....................... 342
1 Onset of Instability ................................... 343
2 Fast Gallop ............................................ 343
3 Cell Size .............................................. 346
7E Liquids and Solids ........................................ 350
1 Differences from Gases ................................. 351
2 Light Confinement ...................................... 353
3 Heavy Confinement ...................................... 356
4 Discussion ............................................. 360
Appendix 7A. Interpretation of Smear-Camera Photographs ... 361
Bibliography .................................................. 364
Index ......................................................... 383
* - The starred sections may be skipped with little lose of
continuity.
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