Handbook of carbon nano materials. Vol.2: Electron transfer and applications / ed. by F.D'Souza, K.M.Kadish. - Singapore; Hackensack: World Scientific. - (World Scientific series on carbon nanoscience), 2011. - xxiii, P.405-823, [53]: ill. - Incl. bibl. ref. and index. - ISBN-10 981-4350-21-4; ISBN-13 978-981-4350-21-1  Место хранения:   031 | Институт катализа им. Г.К.Борескова CO РАН | Новосибирск

Оглавление / Contents

Preface ...................................................... xiii List of Contributors ........................................... xv Contents of Volumes 1 and 2 ................................... xxi 13 Dynamics of Photoinduced Charge Transfer of Fullerene Based Donor-Acceptor Systems: From Solution to Organized Molecular Films ............................................ 405 Nikolai V. Tkachenko and Helge Lemmetyinen 1 Introduction ............................................... 406 2 Photodynamics of Electron Transfer in Fullerene Based Dyads ...................................................... 408 2.1 Donor-acceptor dyads .................................. 408 2.2 Charge transfer and recombination ..................... 410 2.3 Exciplex intermediate ................................. 411 2.4 Intramolecular energy transfer ........................ 420 2.5 Triplet state ......................................... 421 2.6 Reaction schemes ...................................... 422 3 Electron Transfer in Organized Molecular Films ............. 424 3.1 Organized molecular films ............................. 425 3.2 Intramolecular and intermolecular charge transfer in films ................................................. 426 3.3 Energy transfer and excitation annihilation ........... 432 3.4 Interlayer charge transfer and photocurrent generation ............................................ 435 4 Conclusions ................................................ 436 References ................................................. 437 14 Photoinduced Electron Transfer Between Fullerenes and Electron-Donors Through Molecular Bridges .................. 441 Osamu Ito 1 Introduction ............................................... 442 2 Porphyrin Excitation ....................................... 443 2.1 Poфhyrin-bridge-fullerene molecules ................... 443 2.1.1 Short bisacetylene bridges ..................... 443 2.1.2 Long phenyleneacetylene bridges ................ 449 2.1.3 Long acetylene bridges ......................... 451 2.1.4 Long phenylenevinylene bridges ................. 452 2.1.5 Oligothiophene-vinylene bridges ................ 455 2.1.6 Long oligothiophene bridges .................... 456 2.1.7 Insertion of crown ether in oligo-thiophene bridge ......................................... 461 2.1.8 Short disilane bridges ......................... 462 2.1.9 Long oligosilane bridges ....................... 464 3 Fullerene Excitation for C60-Bridge-Donor Systems .......... 465 3.1 Short linkage ......................................... 465 3.1.1 C60-bridge-aromatic amine ...................... 466 3.1.2 C60-bridge-ferrocene ........................... 467 3.2 Long linkages ......................................... 468 3.2.1 C60-thiophenevinylene-ferrocene ................ 468 3.2.2 C60-phenylenevinylene-extTTF ................... 469 4 CS Process after EnT via Bridge Excitation ................. 470 4.1 CS via isolated bridge ................................ 470 4.2 CS via conjugated bridge .............................. 473 5 Concluding Remarks ......................................... 473 References ................................................. 475 15 Photoinduced Electron Transfer Processes of Fullerene Rotaxanes .................................................. 479 Toshikazu Takata and Osamu Ito 1 Introduction ............................................... 480 2 Symmetrical Rotaxanes ...................................... 483 2.1 Bis-biphenylamines .................................... 483 2.2 Bis-porphyrins ........................................ 486 3 Unsymmetrical Rotaxanes .................................... 491 3.1 Two components ........................................ 491 3.1.1 Ferrocene-tethered fullerene rotaxanes ......... 491 3.1.1.1 Temperature effect of flexible rotaxane .............................. 491 3.1.1.2 Axle charge and length effects ........ 495 3.1.2 Amine-tethered fullerene rotaxanes ............. 498 3.1.3 Fullerene-tethered porphyrin rotaxanes ......... 504 3.2 Three components ...................................... 504 3.2.1 C60-porphyrin rotaxane with ferrocene as a second donor ................................... 504 3.2.2 Triphenylamine as a second donor ............... 505 4 Concluding Remarks ......................................... 512 Acknowledgment ............................................. 514 References ................................................. 514 16 Electron Donor-Acceptor Nanohybrids and Their Application to Light-Energy Conversion ................................. 519 Shunichi Fukuzumi 1 Introduction ............................................ 519 2 Cup-Stacked Carbon Nanotubes ............................ 522 3 Derivatives Cup-Shaped Nanocarbons ...................... 524 4 Porphyrin-Functionalized Cup-Shaped Nanocarbons ......... 530 5 Carbon Nanodiamond-Porphyrin Assembly ................... 537 6 Conclusions and Perspectives ............................ 540 7 Acknowledgments ......................................... 540 References ................................................. 541 17 Energy and Electron Transfer in Photo- and Electroactive Fullerene Dyads ............................................ 545 Piétrick Hudhomme and Rene M. Williams 1 Introduction ............................................... 546 2 Energy and Electron Transfer: Principles and Applications ............................................... 548 3 Fullerene-C60 Functionalized with Donor Units .............. 554 3.1 Synthetic strategies for C60-based materials .......... 554 3.2 Electroactive electron donor-C60 dyads ................ 555 4 Light-Harvesting C60-Based Dyads ........................... 561 4.1 Photoactive electron donor - C60 and electron acceptor-C60 dyads .................................... 561 4.2 Association of perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) with C60 .............................................. 562 4.2.1 Properties and applications of PDI ............. 562 4.2.2 State of the art in C60-PDI assemblies ......... 565 4.3 Angers and Amsterdam's C60-PDI assemblies ............. 569 4.3.1 The concept of antenna ......................... 569 4.3.2 Synthesis of bay-substituted C60-PDI dyads and corresponding electrochemical behaviour .... 569 4.3.3 Photophysics of C60-PDI dyads: the concept of super-absorbing fullerenes .................. 571 4.3.4 Incorporation of C60-PDI dyads in bulk- heterojunction ................................. 579 4.4 Association of perylene-3,4-mono(dicarboximide) with C60 .............................................. 582 5 Conclusions and Outlook .................................... 583 Acknowledgments ............................................ 584 References ................................................. 584 18 Fullerenes for Photoelectrochemical and Photovoltaic Devices .................................................... 593 Hiroshi Imahori and Tomokazu Umeyama 1 Introduction ............................................... 594 2 Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films ............................... 595 3 Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) ........................... 596 3.1 Self-assembled monolayers on gold electrodes .......... 596 3.2 Self-assembled monolayers on indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes ............................................ 601 4 Layer-by-Layer Deposition .................................. 605 5 Vacuum Deposition .......................................... 608 6 Electrochemical Deposition ................................. 608 6.1 Fullerenes and their derivatives ...................... 608 6.2 Covalently linked donor-fullerene systems ............. 609 6.3 Noncovalently linked donor-fullerene systems .......... 610 6.4 Роrphyrin-fullerene composite systems ................. 613 6.5 Carbon nanotube-fullerene composite systems ........... 618 7 Chemical Adsorption and Spin-Coating Deposition ............ 620 7.1 Solution-processed bulk-heterojunction solar cells .... 620 7.2 Hydrogen-bonding systems .............................. 622 7.3 Coordination bonding systems .......................... 627 8 Conclusion ................................................. 628 References ................................................. 629 19 Fullerenes as Photosensitizers in Photorefractive Materials .................................................. 637 Ángela Sastre-Santos, Luis Martín-Gomis and Fernando Fernández-Lázaro 1 Fundamentals of Photorefractivity .......................... 638 1.1. Photorefractivity in organic materials ................ 640 2 Measurement Techniques ..................................... 641 2.1 Two-beam coupling - a simple test for photorefractivity ..................................... 641 2.2 Four-wave mixing measurements ......................... 643 3 Photorefractive Materials .................................. 644 3.1 The photosensitizer ................................... 646 3.2 The photoconductor .................................... 648 3.3 The NLOphore .......................................... 649 3.4 The trap .............................................. 650 4 Pristine [60]Fullerene or [60]Fullerene-[70]Fullerene Mixtures as Photosensitizers in PR Materials ............... 651 5 [60]Fullerene Derivatives as Photosensitizers in PR Materials .................................................. 655 5.1 [6,6]-PCBM as photosensitizer ......................... 657 5.2 C60-based dyads as photosensitizers ................... 658 6 Conclusions and Perspectives ............................... 664 Acknowledgments ............................................ 664 References ................................................. 664 20 Functionalized Fullerene Derivatives in Organic Molecular Electronics ...................................... 667 Mateusz Wielopolski, Auvelio Mateo-Alonso and Dirk M. Guldi 1 Introduction ............................................... 667 2 Chemical Functionalization of Fullerenes ................... 669 3 Molecular Machines ......................................... 670 4 Molecular Wires ............................................ 675 5 Molecular Photoelectrochemistry ............................ 682 6 Conclusion and Outlook ..................................... 689 References ................................................. 690 21 Preparation, Properties, and Application of Polymer Composites of Carbon Nanotubes ............................. 693 Piotr Pieta, Francis D'Souza and Wlodzimierz Kutner 1 Introduction ............................................... 697 2 Preparation of the CNT/polymer composites .................. 700 2.1 Mixing of CNTs and polymers in a solvent solution (solution processing) ................................. 703 2.2 Melting of polymers in the presence of CNTs ........... 706 2.3 Chemical polymerization ............................... 708 2.4 Electrochemical polymerization ........................ 711 2.5 Co-deposition of conducting polymers and CNTs by electropolymerization ................................. 716 3 Selected properties of the CNTs/polymer composites ......... 722 3.1 Electric conductivity ................................. 722 3.2 Electrochemical properties ............................ 724 3.3 Mechanical properties ................................. 729 3.4 Thermal stability ..................................... 730 4 Prospective Applications ................................... 732 4.1 Photovoltaic devices .................................. 732 4.2 Chemical and biochemical sensors ...................... 733 4.3 Electrochemical capacitors ............................ 735 4.4 Other foreseeable applications ........................ 737 5 Conclusions ................................................ 741 6 Summary and Perspectives ................................... 742 Acknowledgments ............................................ 743 References ................................................. 743 22 Thermal Conductive Materials Based on Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Nanosheets .................................... 755 L. Monica Veca, Wei Wang, Yi Lin, Mohammed J. Meziani, Leilei Tian, John W. Connel, Sayata Ghose, Chang Yi Kong and Ya-Ping Sun 1 Background ................................................. 756 2 Carbon Nanotubes ........................................... 756 2.1 Individual CNTs ....................................... 757 2.2 Bulk CNTs ............................................. 761 3 Polymeric/Nanotube Composites .............................. 765 3.1 Thermoplastics ........................................ 767 3.2 Elastomers ............................................ 770 3.3 Thermosets ............................................ 772 3.4 Effects of nanotube functionalization ................. 776 4 Graphene Nanosheets ........................................ 778 4.1. Polymeric/GN composites ............................... 779 5 Conclusions and Perspectives ............................... 784 Acknowledgments ............................................ 784 References ................................................. 784 23 Electronic Properties of DNA-SWNT Hybrids: From Charge Separation to Optical Sensing .............................. 787 Slava V. Rotkin 1 Introduction ............................................... 788 2 Symmetry Breaking: Qualitative Predictions for Optics ...... 790 2.1 Metallic SWNT: Band gap opening and metal- semiconductor transition .............................. 790 2.2 Semiconductor SWNT: Appearance of new absorption lines in circular polarization ........................ 794 2.3 Analytical theory of the symmetry breaking: Rigorous analysis for armchair SWNTs ........................... 798 2.4 Numerical modeling of the hybrids: Tight binding bandstructure calculations ............................ 805 2.5 Self-consistent computation scheme: Acting potential ............................................. 810 2.6 Charge separation, screening factor and dielectric permittivity .......................................... 812 2.7 Optical absorption/photoluminescence maps of DNA/SWNT hybrids ...................................... 814 2.8 Circular dichroism of DNA/SWNT hybrids ................ 815 3 Summary and Perspectives ................................... 819 Acknowledgments ............................................ 820 References ................................................. 821 Cumulative Index of Volumes 1 and 2 ........................... 825