1 Introduction ................................................. i
1.1 Intellectual virtue: some examples ...................... 3
1.2 Virtue epistemology ..................................... 6
1.2.1 A very brief history ............................. 6
1.2.2 Four varieties of character-based virtue
epistemology ..................................... 9
1.3 An overview of the book ................................ 13
2 Intellectual Virtues ........................................ 17
2.1 Some natural groupings of intellectual virtues ......... 17
2.2 Virtues, faculties, talents, temperaments, and
skills ................................................. 22
2.2.1 Faculties ....................................... 22
2.2.2 Talents ......................................... 25
2.2.3 Temperaments .................................... 26
2.2.4 Skills .......................................... 29
2.3 Conclusion ............................................. 32
3 Knowledge and Intellectual Virtue ........................... 33
3.1 Zagzebski's account of knowledge ....................... 34
3.2 Are intellectual virtues (plus true belief)
sufficient for knowledge? .............................. 36
3.3 Are intellectual virtues necessary for knowledge? ...... 39
3.3.1 Low-grade "knowledge" is not genuine
knowledge ....................................... 40
3.3.2 Mimicking an intellectually virtuous agent ...... 40
3.3.3 "Low-level" virtuous motives and actions ........ 41
3.3.4 Conclusion ...................................... 44
3.4 Prospects for Strong Conservative VE ................... 45
4 Virtue and Character in Reliabilism ......................... 47
4.1 The exclusion of character virtues within reliabilist
epistemology ........................................... 49
4.2 Character virtues as reliabilist knowledge-makers ...... 52
4.3 Theoretical reverberations ............................. 60
4.4 Conclusion ............................................. 67
5 Evidentialism, Vice, and Virtue ............................. 68
5.1 Problem cases .......................................... 69
5.1.1 Cases of defective inquiry ...................... 70
5.1.2 Cases of defective "doxastic handling" of
evidence ........................................ 75
5.2 Modifying evidentialism ................................ 79
5.3 Bonjour's evidentialism ................................ 83
5.4 Conclusion ............................................. 86
6 A Personal Worth Conception of Intellectual Virtue .......... 88
6.1 Preliminaries .......................................... 89
6.2 Personal worth and intellectual virtue ................. 91
6.2.1 Personal intellectual worth ..................... 92
6.2.2 Clarifications .................................. 94
6.2.3 The basis of personal worth simpliciter ......... 96
6.2.4 The basis of personal intellectual worth ....... 100
6.2.5 The account summarized ......................... 102
6.2.6 The broad structure of an intellectual
virtue ......................................... 102
6.3 Assessing the account ................................. 104
6.3.1 Intellectual carefulness and thoroughness ...... 105
6.3.2 Creativity and originality ..................... 106
6.3.3 Intellectual conscientiousness ................. 108
6.3.4 Intellectual generosity ........................ 110
6.3.5 Conclusion ..................................... 112
7 The Personal Worth Conception and Its Rivals ............... 112
7.1 Similar conceptions ................................... 113
7.1.1 Hurka's "recursive" conception .................. 113
7.1.2 Adams and "excellence in being for the good" .... 118
7.2 Dissimilar conceptions ................................ 123
7.2.1 Driver's consequentialist account .............. 123
7.2.2 Hursthouse's naturalism ........................ 127
7.2.3 Zagzebski's "motivational" account ............. 132
7.3 Conclusion ............................................ 138
8 Open-Mindedness ............................................ 140
8.1 Some initial characterizations of open-mindedness ..... 141
8.2 Open-mindedness: a unified account .................... 148
8.2.1 The conceptual core of open-mindedness ......... 148
8.2.2 A definition of open-mindedness ................ 152
8.3 Open-mindedness and other cognitive excellences ....... 155
8.4 When to be open-minded? ............................... 157
8.5 Conclusion ............................................ 162
9 Intellectual Courage ....................................... 163
9.1 Intellectual courage vs. moral courage ................ 163
9.2 Some examples ......................................... 164
9.3 The "context" of intellectual courage ................. 169
9.4 The "substance" of intellectual courage ............... 172
9.5 Intellectual courage: a definition .................... 177
9.6 Challenging cases ..................................... 179
9.6.1 Ill-motivated courage? ......................... 179
9.6.2 Easy courage? .................................. 183
9.7 When to be intellectually courageous? ................. 186
10 The Status and Future of Character-Based Virtue
Epistemology ............................................... 191
10.1 Four varieties of character-based virtue
epistemology .......................................... 192
10.2 Assessing the alternatives ............................ 193
10.2 л Strong Conservative VE .............................. 193
10.2.2 Weak Conservative VE ........................... 193
10.2.3 Strong Autonomous VE ........................... 194
10.2.4 Weak Autonomous VE ............................. 199
10.2.5 A final objection .............................. 202
Appendix: On the Distinction between Intellectual and Moral
Virtues .................................................... 206
A.1 Belief vs. action ..................................... 207
A.2 A unifying principle for intellectual virtues ......... 208
A.3 A teleological account ................................ 209
A.4 An alternative proposal ............................... 214
A.5 Implications .......................................... 218
A.6 Driver on intellectual and moral virtue ............... 220
References .................................................... 223
Index ......................................................... 231
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