List of contributors ......................................... x
Preface ................................................... xiii
Part I Introduction
1 Perspectives and prospects of landscape ecology .............. 3
RICHARD HOBBS AND JIANGUO WU
1.1 Introduction ............................................ 3
1.2 Key issues and research topics in landscape ecology ..... 4
1.3 Concluding remarks ...................................... 8
References ................................................... 8
Part II Key topics and perspectives
2 Adequate data of known accuracy are critical to advancing
the field of landscape ecology .............................. 11
LOUIS R. IVERSON
2.1 Introduction ........................................... 11
2.2 Data advances in past two decades ...................... 11
2.3 Current status ......................................... 13
2.4 What we will have soon ................................. 16
2.5 Issues of data quality ................................. 16
2.6 Needs in data acquisition and quality .................. 21
2.7 Policy issues related to data acquisition and
quality ................................................ 31
2.8 Conclusions ............................................ 31
References .................................................. 31
3 Landscape pattern analysis: key issues and challenges ....... 39
HARBIN LI AND JIANGUO WU
3.1 Introduction ........................................... 39
3.2 General classification of LPA methods .................. 40
3.1 Key components of spatial pattern in relation to LPA ... 41
3.4 Statistical and ecological assumptions of LPA
methods ................................................ 44
3.5 Behavior of LPA methods ................................ 49
3.6 Limitations and challenges of LPA ...................... 52
3.7 Concluding remarks ..................................... 57
Acknowledgments ............................................. 59
References .................................................. 59
4 Spatial heterogeneity and ecosystem processes ............... 62
MONICA G. TURNER AND JEFFREY A. CARDILLE
4.1 Introduction ........................................... 62
4.2 Understanding the spatial heterogeneity of process
rates .................................................. 63
4.3 Influence of land-use legacies ......................... 65
4.4 Lateral fluxes in landscape mosaics .................... 68
4.5 Linking species and ecosystems ......................... 70
4.6 Concluding comments .................................... 71
Acknowledgments ............................................. 72
References .................................................. 73
5 Landscape heterogeneity and metapopulation dynamics ......... 78
LENORE FAHRIG
5.1 Introduction ........................................... 78
5.2 Levins' metapopulation model ........................... 78
5.3 Spatially realistic metapopulation models .............. 80
5.4 PVA tools based on the metapopulation framework ........ 82
5.5 Landscape population models ............................ 83
5.6 Conclusions ............................................ 89
Acknowledgments ............................................. 89
References .................................................. 89
6 Determining pattern-process relationships in
heterogeneous landscapes .................................... 92
ROBERT H. GARDNER, JAMES D. FORESTER, AND ROY E. PLOTNICK
6.1 Introduction ........................................... 92
6.2 Methods ................................................ 93
6.3 Results ............................................... 100
6.4 Conclusions and recommendations ....................... 107
Acknowledgments ............................................ 111
References ................................................. 111
7 Scale and scaling: a cross-disciplinary perspective ........ 115
JIANGUO WU
7.1 Introduction .......................................... 115
7.2 Concepts of scale and scaling ......................... 116
7.3 Scale effects, MAUP, and "ecological fallacy" ......... 119
7.4 Theory and methods of scaling ......................... 124
7.5 Discussion and conclusions ............................ 134
Acknowledgments ............................................ 136
References ................................................. 136
8 Optimization of landscape pattern .......................... 143
JOHN HOF AND CURTIS FLATHER
8.1 Introduction .......................................... 143
8.2 State-of-the-science in spatial optimization .......... 144
8.3 Critical research questions ........................... 151
8.4 Conclusion ............................................ 157
References ................................................. 158
9 Advances in detecting landscape changes at multiple
scales: examples from northern Australia ................... 161
JOHN A. LUDWIG
9.1 Introduction .......................................... 161
9.2 Examples of detecting landscape changes from northern
Australia ............................................. 162
9.3 Key challenges ........................................ 164
9.4 Summary ............................................... 169
Acknowledgments ............................................ 170
References ................................................. 170
10 The preoccupation of landscape research with land use and
land cover ................................................. 173
MARC ANTROP
10.1 Introduction .......................................... 173
10.2 Method ................................................ 175
10.3 Results ............................................... 176
10.4 Discussion ............................................ 184
10.5 Conclusions: key issues for further integration in
landscape ecology ..................................... 188
References ................................................. 189
11 Applying landscape-ecological principles to regional
conservation: the Wild Country Project in Australia ........ 192
BRENDAN G. MACKEY, MICHAEL E. SOULÉ, HENRY A. NIX, HARRY
F. RECHER, ROBERT G. LESSLIE, JANN E. WILLIAMS, JOHN C.Z.
WOINARSKI, RICHARD J. HOBBS, AND HUGH P. POSSINGHAM
11.1 Introduction .......................................... 192
11.2 Foundation principles ................................. 195
11.3 Large-scale connectivity .............................. 199
11.4 Research and development issues ....................... 202
11.5 Conclusion ............................................ 207
Acknowledgments ............................................ 208
References ................................................. 208
12 Using landscape ecology to make sense of Australia's last
frontier ................................................... 214
DAVID BOWMAN
12.1 Introduction .......................................... 214
12.2 The north Australian frontier ......................... 215
12.3 This is not a landscape ............................... 217
12.4 The quadrat is dead ................................... 217
12.5 Landscape models: but "there is no there there" ....... 218
12.6 Longing and belonging ................................. 219
12.7 Tell me a story ....................................... 220
12.8 Unexpected insights: confessions of an empiricist ..... 222
12.9 Conclusion ............................................ 223
Acknowledgments ............................................ 224
References ................................................. 224
13 Transferring ecological knowledge to landscape planning:
a design method for robust corridors ....................... 227
CLAIRE C. VOS, PAUL OPDAM, EVELIENE G. STEINGRÖVER, AND
RIEN REIJNEN
13.1 Introduction .......................................... 227
13.2 Context of the case study ............................. 229
13.3 The development of robust corridors and the
implementation in the planning process ................ 232
13.4 Discussion ............................................ 239
References ................................................. 243
14 Integrative landscape research: facts and challenges ....... 246
GARY FRY, BÄRBEL TRESS, AND GUNTHER TRESS
14.1 Introduction .......................................... 246
14.2 Methods ............................................... 247
14.3 Defining integrative research approaches .............. 247
14.4 Motivations for integrative landscape studies ......... 250
14.5 What are we trying to integrate? ...................... 253
14.6 Organizational barriers to integration ................ 254
14.7 Education and training needs .......................... 256
14.8 Improving the theory base ............................. 257
14.9 The merit system and the products of integrative
research .............................................. 257
14.10 Mapping the boundaries of research ................... 261
14.11 Enhancing integrative landscape ecology research ..... 263
14.12 Conclusion ........................................... 265
References ................................................. 266
Part III Synthesis
15 Landscape ecology: the state-of-the-science ................ 271
JIANGUO WU AND RICHARD J. HOBBS
15.1 Introduction .......................................... 271
15.2 Two dominant approaches to landscape ecology .......... 274
15.3 The elusive goal of a unified landscape ecology ....... 277
15.4 A hierarchical and pluralistic framework for
landscape ecology ..................................... 279
15.5 Discussion and conclusions ............................ 284
Acknowledgments ............................................ 285
References ................................................. 285
Index ...................................................... 288
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