Encyclopedia of soil science (Dordrecht, 2008). - ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ / CONTENTS
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ОбложкаEncyclopedia of soil science / ed. by W.Chesworth. - Dordrecht: Springer, 2008. - xxvi, 902 p.: ill., maps. - (Encyclopedia of earth sciences series). - Incl. bibl. ref. - ISBN 978-1-4020-3994-2
 

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Оглавление / Contents
 
List of Contributors ......................................... xvii
Preface ....................................................... xxv
A Horizon ....................................................... 1
Abiotic ......................................................... 1
Abrasion ........................................................ 1
Abrupt Textural Change .......................................... 1
Absorption ...................................................... 1
Acid Deposition Effects on Soils ................................ 2
   Randy A. Dahlgren
Acid Soils ...................................................... 7
   Felipe Macias Vazquez, Maria Camps Arbestain,
   and Ward Chesworth
Acid Sulfate Soils ............................................. 10
Acidity ........................................................ 10
   Wayne P. Robarge
Acids, Alkalis, Bases and pH ................................... 21
Acrisols ....................................................... 22
   Felipe Macias Vázquez
Activity Ratios ................................................ 24
   Bryon W. Bache
Adobe .......................................................... 27
Adsorption ..................................................... 27
Aggregate ...................................................... 28
Aggregate Stability to Drying and Wetting ...................... 28
   W.W. Emerson
Aggregation .................................................... 30
   Roger Hartmann
Agrichemical ................................................... 33
Agroecology .................................................... 33
Agroecosystem .................................................. 33
Agrogeology .................................................... 33
   Nikola Kostic
Agronomy ....................................................... 35
Albeluvisols ................................................... 35
   Otto Spaargaren
Alisols ........................................................ 35
   Otto Spaargaren
Alkali ......................................................... 37
Alkaline Soils ................................................. 37
   Ward Chesworth, Felipe Macias Vázquez, and Marta Camps
   Arbestain
Alkalization ................................................... 39
Allitization ................................................... 39
Allogenic ...................................................... 39
Alluvium ....................................................... 39
Andosols ....................................................... 39
   Olafur Arnolds
Anthropogenic .................................................. 46
Anthrosols ..................................................... 47
   Otto Spaargaren
Arenosols ...................................................... 48
   Otto Spaargaren
Argillaceous ................................................... 49
Argillan ....................................................... 49
Arid ........................................................... 49
Arrhenius' Equation ............................................ 49
Association .................................................... 50
Auger .......................................................... 50
Authigenic ..................................................... 50
Azonal Soil .................................................... 50
В Horizon ...................................................... 51
Background ..................................................... 51
Badlands ....................................................... 51
Barchan ........................................................ 51
Barrens ........................................................ 51
Base ........................................................... 51
Base Level ..................................................... 51
Base Saturation ................................................ 52
   Bryon W. Bache
Basement ....................................................... 55
Basic .......................................................... 55
Basin .......................................................... 55
Beach .......................................................... 55
Bed ............................................................ 55
Bedrock ........................................................ 55
Bench .......................................................... 55
Berm ........................................................... 55
Biodegradation ................................................. 55
Biodiversity ................................................... 55
Biogeochemical Cycles .......................................... 56
   Ward Chesworth
Biomass ........................................................ 60
Biome .......................................................... 60
Biomes and their Soils ......................................... 61
   Ward Chesworth
Bioremediation ................................................. 68
Biosequence .................................................... 68
Biospheric Role of Soil ........................................ 68
Biostasis ...................................................... 69
Biotic ......................................................... 69
Bisiallitization ............................................... 69
Black Cotton Soil .............................................. 69
Black Earth .................................................... 69
Blanket ........................................................ 69
Blowout ........................................................ 69
Bog ............................................................ 69
Boreal Forest .................................................. 69
Boulder ........................................................ 69
Brunification .................................................. 69
Buffers, Buffering ............................................. 70
   Carlo Gessa
Bulk Density ................................................... 74
   David T. Lewis
Buried Soil .................................................... 75
С Horizon ...................................................... 77
Calcareous Soils ............................................... 77
   Ward Chesworth, Marta Camps Arbestain, and Felipe
   Macias Vázquez
Calcisols ...................................................... 79
   Otto Spaargaren
Cambisols ...................................................... 80
   Otto Spaargaren
Capability ..................................................... 81
Capillary Pressure ............................................. 81
   Y. Mualem and H. J. Morel-Seytoux
Carbon Cycling and Formation of Soil Organic Matter ............ 91
   William R. Horwath
Carbon Sequestration in Soil ................................... 97
   Gonzalo Almendros
Carbonates ..................................................... 99
   Ward Chesworth
Catchment ..................................................... 101
Catena ........................................................ 101
Cation Exchange ............................................... 102
Cement ........................................................ 102
Cheluviation .................................................. 102
Chemical Analyses ............................................. 102
   Paul R. Grossl and Donald L. Sparks
Chemical Composition .......................................... 108
Chemisorption ................................................. 108
Chernozems .................................................... 108
   Otto Spaargaren
Chronology of Soils ........................................... 109
   Rhodes W. Fairbridge
Chronosequence ................................................ 111
Classification of Soils: FAO .................................. 111
   Arieh Singer
Classification of Soils: Soil Taxonomy ........................ 113
   Hari Eswaran
Classification of Soils: World Reference Base (WRB) for
Soil Resources ................................................ 120
   Erika Micheli
Classification of Soils: World Reference Base (WRB) Soil
Profiles ...................................................... 122
   Otto Spaargaren
Clastic ....................................................... 122
Clay Mineral Alteration in Soils .............................. 122
   P.M. Huang
Clay Mineral Formation ........................................ 135
   Arieh Singer
Clay Mineral Structures ....................................... 141
Clay Minerals: Silicates ...................................... 141
   Charles E. Weaver
Clay-Organic Interactions ..................................... 144
   В.K.G. Theng
Climate ....................................................... 150
Climosequence ................................................. 150
Coastal Soils ................................................. 150
Colloid ....................................................... 151
Colluvium ..................................................... 151
Comminution ................................................... 151
Compaction .................................................... 151
   Iain M. Young
Complex Soil .................................................. 153
Compost ....................................................... 153
Computer Modeling ............................................. 153
   Keith Paustian
Computerized Tomography ....................................... 159
   Richard J. Heck
Concretion .................................................... 160
Conductivity, Electrical ...................................... 161
   Charles W. Finkl
Conductivity, Hydraulic ....................................... 162
   Herman Bouwer
Conductivity, Thermal ......................................... 165
   Amos Hadas
Conservation .................................................. 168
   Ward Chesworth and David M. Lavigne
Consistence ................................................... 170
Consolidation ................................................. 170
Contour ....................................................... 170
Cordillera .................................................... 171
Corrasion ..................................................... 171
Corrosion ..................................................... 171
Craton ........................................................ 171
Creep ......................................................... 171
Critical Load ................................................. 171
Crotovina ..................................................... 171
Crusts, Crusting .............................................. 171
   Marcello Pagliai
Cryopedology .................................................. 179
Cryosols ...................................................... 179
   Otto Spaargaren
Cryoturbation ................................................. 181
Cuesta ........................................................ 181
Cultivation ................................................... 182
Cumulization .................................................. 182
Cutan ......................................................... 182
Datum Level ................................................... 183
Debris ........................................................ 183
Degradation ................................................... 183
Delta ......................................................... 183
Denitrification ............................................... 183
Desalinization ................................................ 184
Desert ........................................................ 184
Desertification ............................................... 184
Desiccation ................................................... 184
Desilication .................................................. 184
Detritus ...................................................... 185
Diffusion ..................................................... 185
Diffusion Processes ........................................... 185
   Siobhán Staunton
Dispersion .................................................... 191
Dissection .................................................... 191
Dissolved Material ............................................ 191
Divide ........................................................ 191
Doline ........................................................ 191
Drainage ...................................................... 192
Drumlin ....................................................... 192
Dry Deposition ................................................ 192
Dune .......................................................... 192
Duricrusts and Induration ..................................... 192
   Rhodes W. Fairbridge
Durisols ...................................................... 198
   Otto Spaargaren
Dust .......................................................... 198
E Horizon ..................................................... 199
Earth Cycles .................................................. 199
   Rhodes W. Fairbridge
Ecology ....................................................... 202
Edaphic ....................................................... 202
Edaphic Constraints on Food Production ........................ 202
   Friedrich H. Beinroth, Hari Eswaran, and Paul F. Reich
Edaphology .................................................... 207
Effective ..................................................... 207
Effluent ...................................................... 207
Electrical Double Layer ....................................... 207
Electrochemistry .............................................. 207
Electro-Osmosis ............................................... 207
Elutriation ................................................... 207
Eluviation .................................................... 207
Endogenous .................................................... 207
Energy Balance ................................................ 208
   Gaylon S. Campbell
Envelope-Pressure Potential ................................... 210
   Pieter H. Groenevelt
Environment ................................................... 210
Enzyme Activity ............................................... 210
Enzymes and Proteins, Interactions with Soil-Constituent
Surfaces ...................................................... 210
   Hervé Quiquampoix
Eolian ........................................................ 216
Epigenous ..................................................... 216
Erosion ....................................................... 216
   Rhodes W. Fairbridge
Erratic ....................................................... 221
Escarpment .................................................... 221
Esker ......................................................... 222
Eutrophication ................................................ 222
Evaporation ................................................... 222
   R.J. Hanks and G.E. Cardon
Evapotranspiration ............................................ 224
Evolution ..................................................... 224
Exchange Complex .............................................. 224
Exchange Phenomena ............................................ 224
   Robert G. Gast
Exfoliation ................................................... 227
Exogene ....................................................... 227
Extract ....................................................... 227
F Horizon ..................................................... 229
Fabric ........................................................ 229
Factors of Soil Formation ..................................... 229
   Carlota Garcia Paz and Teresa Taboada Rodriguez
Fallout ....................................................... 231
Fallow ........................................................ 231
Family ........................................................ 231
Fan ........................................................... 231
Fauna ......................................................... 231
   Valerie M. Behan-Pelletier and Stuart B. Hill
Fen ........................................................... 237
Ferralitic .................................................... 237
Ferralitization ............................................... 237
Ferralsols .................................................... 237
   Pablo Vidal-Torrado and Miguel Cooper
Ferran ........................................................ 240
Ferri-Argillan ................................................ 240
Ferrods ....................................................... 241
Ferrolysis .................................................... 241
Fersiallitization ............................................. 241
Fertilizer Raw Materials ...................................... 241
   Peter van Straaten
Fertilizers, Inorganic ........................................ 247
   J.J. Oertli
Fertilizers, Organic .......................................... 263
   C. Wesley Wood
Fibric, Hemic and Sapric ...................................... 270
Field Capacity ................................................ 270
Field pH ...................................................... 271
   L.R. Hossner
Field Water Cycle ............................................. 272
   William O. Rasmussen
Flocculation .................................................. 275
   W.O. Williamson
Flood Plain ................................................... 278
Flow Theory ................................................... 278
   H. Magdi Selim
Fluvial ....................................................... 280
Fluviolacustrine .............................................. 281
Fluvisols ..................................................... 281
   Otto Spaargaren
Folic ......................................................... 282
Fragipan ...................................................... 282
Frigid ........................................................ 282
Frost Action .................................................. 282
Fulvic Acid ................................................... 282
Furrow ........................................................ 282
Gabion ........................................................ 283
Gelifluction .................................................. 283
Geochemistry in Soil Science .................................. 283
   Garrison Sposito
Geography of Soils ............................................ 289
   Ward Chesworth and L.J. Evans
Geology and Soils ............................................. 292
   Ward Chesworth
Gilgai ........................................................ 298
Glacial ....................................................... 298
Glaciation .................................................... 298
Glaciofluvial ................................................. 299
Glaciolacustrine .............................................. 299
Gley .......................................................... 299
Gleysols ...................................................... 299
   Otto Spaargaren
Gossan ........................................................ 300
Groundwater ................................................... 301
Guano ......................................................... 301
Gully ......................................................... 301
Gypsan ........................................................ 301
Gypsisols ..................................................... 301
   Otto Spaargaren
H Horizon ..................................................... 303
Halomorphic ................................................... 303
Hardening ..................................................... 303
Hardpan ....................................................... 303
Harrow ........................................................ 303
Health ........................................................ 303
Health Problems and Soil ...................................... 304
   J. Lag
Heat Capacity ................................................. 305
   Amos Hadas
Heath ......................................................... 307
History of Soil Science ....................................... 307
   Rhodes W. Fairbridge
Histosols ..................................................... 312
   J.С. Nóvoa Muñoz, X. Pontevedra Pombal, and A. Martinez
   Cortizas
Hoodoo ........................................................ 314
Horizon ....................................................... 314
Horizon Designations in the Wrb ............................... 314
Humic Substances .............................................. 315
   Gonzalo M. Almendros
Humid ......................................................... 323
Hummock ....................................................... 323
Hydric Soils .................................................. 323
   W. Chesworth, M. Camps Arbestain, F. Macias, and
   A. Martinez Cortizas
Hydrological Cycle ............................................ 325
   Ward Chesworth
Hydromorphic .................................................. 328
Hydrophilicity, Hydrophobicity ................................ 328
   William F. Jaunes
Hygroscopicity, Hygroscopic Constant .......................... 330
   Hans F. Winterkorn
Hypogene ...................................................... 331
Ice Erosion ................................................... 333
Ward Chesworth, Augusto Perez-Alberti, and
   Emmanuelle Arnaud
Ice Wedge and Polygon ......................................... 338
Igneous ....................................................... 339
Illuviation ................................................... 339
Imbibition .................................................... 339
   H.J. Morel-Seytoux
Imogolite ..................................................... 350
Impermeable ................................................... 350
Impervious .................................................... 350
Induration .................................................... 350
Infiltration .................................................. 350
   H.J. Morel-Seytoux
Inheritance ................................................... 362
Inorganic Fertilizers ......................................... 362
Inorganic Soil ................................................ 362
Insolation .................................................... 362
Intensive Agriculture ......................................... 362
Interfluve .................................................... 362
Intergrade .................................................... 362
Ion ........................................................... 362
Ion Exchange .................................................. 363
Ionic Activities .............................................. 363
Iron Oxides ................................................... 363
   Udo Schwertmann
Iron Pan ...................................................... 369
Irrigation .................................................... 369
   Ernest Rawitz
Journals ...................................................... 381
   Charles W. Finkl
Kame .......................................................... 421
Karst ......................................................... 421
Kastanozems ................................................... 421
   Otto Spaargaren
Koppen ........................................................ 423
Krotovinas .................................................... 423
Kubiena Box ................................................... 423
L Horizon ..................................................... 425
Labile Pool ................................................... 425
   S.A. Ebelhar
Lacustrine .................................................... 426
Lagoon ........................................................ 426
Land .......................................................... 427
Landfill ...................................................... 427
Landscape ..................................................... 427
Landscape and Soils ........................................... 427
   Ward Chesworth
Laterite ...................................................... 431
Law of the Minimum ............................................ 431
   Quirino Paris
Leaching ...................................................... 437
Leptosols ..................................................... 437
   Otto Spaargaren
Lessivage ..................................................... 438
LFH Horizon ................................................... 438
Light Fraction ................................................ 439
Lime .......................................................... 439
Liquefaction .................................................. 439
Lithic ........................................................ 439
Lithosequence ................................................. 439
Litter ........................................................ 439
Lixisols ...................................................... 439
   Otto Spaargaren
Loading ....................................................... 440
Loam .......................................................... 440
Loess ......................................................... 440
Luvisols ...................................................... 440
Otto Spaargaren
Macronutrients ................................................ 443
   L.R. Hossner
Mangan ........................................................ 445
Manure ........................................................ 445
Marginal Land ................................................. 445
Marl .......................................................... 446
Marsh ......................................................... 446
Mass Movement ................................................. 446
Matran ........................................................ 446
Matric Potential .............................................. 446
Matrix ........................................................ 447
Meadow ........................................................ 447
Mechanical Weathering ......................................... 447
   Eiju Yatsu
Melanization .................................................. 449
Metal Complexing .............................................. 449
Metamorphic ................................................... 449
Microbial Ecology and Clay Minerals ........................... 450
Microhabitats ................................................. 450
   Iain M. Young
Micrometeorology .............................................. 453
   Jon S. Warland
Micromorphology ............................................... 457
   Georges Stoops
Micronutrients ................................................ 466
   Ward Chesworth
Microstructure, Engineering Aspects ........................... 475
   Peter Smart
Midden ........................................................ 481
Mineral Analysis .............................................. 482
Mineral Soil .................................................. 482
Mineralization ................................................ 482
Minesoil ...................................................... 482
Mire .......................................................... 482
   A. Martinez Cortizas, X. Pontevedra Pombal, and
   J.С. Nóvoa Muñoz
Moisture Regimes .............................................. 485
Monadnock ..................................................... 485
Моr ........................................................... 485
Moraine ....................................................... 485
Morphology .................................................... 485
Mottle ........................................................ 485
Muck .......................................................... 485
Mulch ......................................................... 486
Mull .......................................................... 486
Munsell Chart ................................................. 486
Muskeg ........................................................ 486
Near-Neutral Soils ............................................ 487
   Marta Camps Arbestain, Felipe Macias Vazquez, and
   Ward Chesworth
Neoformation .................................................. 488
Neolithic Revolution .......................................... 488
   Ward Chesworth
Net Primary Productivity ...................................... 489
Nitisols ...................................................... 490
   Otto Spaargaren
Nitrification ................................................. 491
Nitrogen Cycle ................................................ 491
   Johnson Semoka
Nitrogen Fixation ............................................. 494
Nodule ........................................................ 494
Nutrient ...................................................... 494
Nutrient Cycling .............................................. 494
Nutrient Potentials ........................................... 494
   Konrad Mengel
О Horizon ..................................................... 501
Order ......................................................... 501
Organan ....................................................... 501
Organic Fertilizers ........................................... 501
Organic Matter ................................................ 501
Organic Soil .................................................. 501
Organic Weathering ............................................ 501
Ortstein ...................................................... 502
Osmosis ....................................................... 502
Outwash ....................................................... 502
Overburden .................................................... 502
Paddy Soils ................................................... 503
Paleosol ...................................................... 503
Pallid Zone ................................................... 503
Paludification ................................................ 503
Pan ........................................................... 504
Paralithic .................................................... 504
Parent Material ............................................... 504
Parent Rock ................................................... 504
Particle Density .............................................. 504
   George R. Blake
Particle-Size Distribution .................................... 505
   Gary C. Steinhardt
Pasture ....................................................... 510
Peat .......................................................... 510
   X. Pontevedra Pombal, J.C. Nóvoa Muñoz, and A. Martinez
   Cortizas
Ped ........................................................... 512
Pedalfer ...................................................... 512
Pedocal ....................................................... 512
Pedogenic Grid ................................................ 512
Pedology and Pedogenesis ...................................... 512
   Richard W. Arnold
Pedon ......................................................... 516
Pedosphere .................................................... 516
Pedoturbation ................................................. 516
   Randall J. Schaetzl
Peneplain, Pediplain, Etchplain ............................... 522
Penetrability ................................................. 522
Peptization ................................................... 522
Percolation ................................................... 522
   F. Stagnitti, J.-Y. Parlange, and T.S. Steenhuis
Periglacial ................................................... 525
Periodic Table in Soil Science ................................ 525
   Ward Chesworth
Permafrost .................................................... 530
Permeability .................................................. 531
   Y. Mualem and H.J. Morel-Seytoux
Permeameter ................................................... 538
Petrocalcic ................................................... 538
Petrogypsic ................................................... 538
pH ............................................................ 538
Phaeozems ..................................................... 538
   Otto Spaargaren
Phase Rule and Phase Diagrams ................................. 539
   Ward Chesworth
Phi Scale ..................................................... 547
Phosphorus Cycle .............................................. 547
   Yoong K. Soon
Phreatic ...................................................... 555
Physical Chemistry ............................................ 555
   D.S. Orlov
Physical Properties ........................................... 559
Physical Weathering ........................................... 559
Phytolith ..................................................... 559
Pingo ......................................................... 559
Planosols ..................................................... 559
   Otto Spaargaren
Plant Nutrients ............................................... 560
   J.J. Oertli
Plant Roots and Soil Physical Factors ......................... 571
   Jan Glinski, Jerzy Lipiec, and Witold Stepniewski
Plasma ........................................................ 578
Plastic ....................................................... 578
Playa ......................................................... 578
Plinthite ..................................................... 578
Plinthosols ................................................... 579
   Otto Spaargaren
Plow .......................................................... 580
Plow Layer .................................................... 580
Podzols ....................................................... 580
   Otto Spaargaren
Point of Zero Net Charge ...................................... 582
Pollution ..................................................... 582
Polycyclic .................................................... 582
Poly genetic .................................................. 582
Polygonal ..................................................... 582
Polypedon ..................................................... 583
Pore .......................................................... 583
Pore Size Distribution ........................................ 583
Pore Space, Drainable ......................................... 583
Porosity ...................................................... 583
Potassium Cycle ............................................... 583
   Ward Chesworth
Prairie ....................................................... 587
Primary Mineral ............................................... 587
Primary Productivity .......................................... 588
Prismatic ..................................................... 588
Profile ....................................................... 588
   Carmela Monterroso Martinez
Profile, Physical Modification ................................ 589
   Keith D. Cassel and David Hammer
Pseudogley .................................................... 593
Puddling ...................................................... 593
   Pedro A. Sanchez
Pugging ....................................................... 596
Quality ....................................................... 597
   Ward Chesworth
Radiocarbon Dating ............................................ 599
Radioisotopes ................................................. 599
Rangeland ..................................................... 599
Reaction ...................................................... 599
Redoximorphic Features ........................................ 599
Redox Reactions and Diagrams in Soil .......................... 600
   Burl D. Meek and Ward Chesworth
Regolith ...................................................... 605
Regosols ...................................................... 605
   Otto Spaargaren
Relief ........................................................ 606
Rendzina ...................................................... 606
Residence Time ................................................ 606
Residua System of Weathering .................................. 607
Residual Soil ................................................. 607
Reverse Weathering ............................................ 607
Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) .................. 607
Rhizosphere ................................................... 608
   Michael Herlihy
Ria ........................................................... 608
Ridge ......................................................... 609
Rockland ...................................................... 609
Rolling ....................................................... 609
Rotation ...................................................... 609
Rubifaction or Rubefaction .................................... 609
Runoff ........................................................ 609
Sabkha ........................................................ 611
Saline ........................................................ 611
Salt Affected Soils ........................................... 611
   Raj K. Gupta and I.P. Abrol
Sand .......................................................... 613
Sandur, Sandr ................................................. 614
Saprolite ..................................................... 614
Saprolite, Regolith and Soil .................................. 614
   Charles W. Finkl
Saturation .................................................... 622
Savanna ....................................................... 622
Scalping ...................................................... 622
Scarify ....................................................... 622
Scrub ......................................................... 622
Secondary Mineral ............................................. 622
Sedimentary ................................................... 622
Seepage ....................................................... 622
Self-Mulching ................................................. 622
Semi-Arid ..................................................... 623
Series ........................................................ 623
Sesquan ....................................................... 623
Sesquioxide ................................................... 623
Shear ......................................................... 623
Shield ........................................................ 623
Shrinkage ..................................................... 623
Silicates ..................................................... 623
Silt .......................................................... 623
Simulation of Soil Systems .................................... 623
Skeletan ...................................................... 624
Skeleton Grains ............................................... 624
Slickensides .................................................. 624
Slope Classes ................................................. 624
Sludge ........................................................ 624
Sludge Disposal ............................................... 624
   M.B. Kirkham
S-Matrix ...................................................... 629
Sod ........................................................... 629
Sodicity ...................................................... 629
Soil .......................................................... 629
   Marta Camps Arbestain, Felipe Macías Vázquez, and Ward
   Chesworth
Soil Biology .................................................. 634
   James J. Germida
Soil Chemistry ................................................ 637
   Richard H. Loeppert
Soil Color .................................................... 641
   Maurice G. Cook
Soil Components, Organic ...................................... 643
Soil Conservation Service ..................................... 643
Soil Drainage ................................................. 643
   G.O. Schwab
Soil Engineering .............................................. 646
   Krystyna Konstankiewicz and Jaroslaw Pytka
Soil Fertility ................................................ 656
   J.J. Oertli
Soil Health ................................................... 668
Soil Horizon Designations in the WRB Soil classification
system ........................................................ 668
   Arieh Singer
Soil Mapping and Survey ....................................... 670
   William J. Edmonds
Soil Mechanics ................................................ 673
Soil Microbiology ............................................. 673
   Yucheng Feng
Soil Mineralogy ............................................... 678
   Steven B. Feldman, С. Shang, and Lucian W. Zelazny
Soil Organic Matter ........................................... 686
Soil Physics .................................................. 686
   P.W. Ford
Soil Pores .................................................... 693
   Brent E. Clothier
Soil Probe .................................................... 699
Soil Quality .................................................. 699
Soil Reaction ................................................. 699
Soil Salinity and Salinization ................................ 699
   M.A. Arshad
Soil Science .................................................. 704
Soil Seperates ................................................ 704
Soil Solution ................................................. 704
   Bryon W. Bache
Soil Stabilization ............................................ 705
Soil Survey ................................................... 705
Soil Variation ................................................ 705
   Inakwu O.A. Odeh
Soil Water .................................................... 707
Soil Water and its Management ................................. 707
   Paul W. Unger
Soil-Root Interface ........................................... 709
   Carlo Gessa
Soils of the Coastal Zone ..................................... 711
   Charles W. Finkl
Soils, Non-Agricultural Uses .................................. 734
   Fred P. Miller
Soil-Solvent Interactions ..................................... 736
Solifluction .................................................. 736
Solonchaks .................................................... 737
   Otto Spaargaren
Solonetz ...................................................... 738
   Otto Spaargaren
Solum ......................................................... 739
Solute Sorption-Desorption Kinetics ........................... 739
   H. Magdi Selim
Sorption Phenomena ............................................ 745
   N.J. Barrow
Spheroidal .................................................... 756
Stagnosols .................................................... 756
   Otto Spaargaren
Stony ......................................................... 757
Stratification ................................................ 757
Structure ..................................................... 757
Subsoil ....................................................... 757
Sulfur Transformations and Fluxes ............................. 757
   Myron J. Mitchell and Christine Alewell Supergene .......... 764
Surface Soil Water Content .................................... 764
Surficial ..................................................... 764
Sustainable Agriculture ....................................... 764
Swamp ......................................................... 764
Tableland ..................................................... 765
Taiga ......................................................... 765
Tailings ...................................................... 765
Technosols .................................................... 765
   Ward Chesworth and Otto Spaargaren
Temperature Regime ............................................ 766
Tensiometer ................................................... 767
Terrace ....................................................... 767
Terrain ....................................................... 767
Terric ........................................................ 767
Texture ....................................................... 767
Thermal Regime ................................................ 767
   Arnos Hadas
Thermodynamics of Soil Water .................................. 772
   Pieter H. Groenevelt
Thermogenic ................................................... 776
Thermosequence ................................................ 777
Thionic or Sulfidic Soils ..................................... 777
   Xosé L. Otero, Tiago O. Ferreira, Pablo Vidal-Torrado,
   Felipe Macias Vázquez, and Ward Chesworth
Thixotropy, Thixotropism ...................................... 781
   Charles W. Finkl, Jr.
Till .......................................................... 782
Tillage ....................................................... 782
   John W. Doran and Lloyd N. Mielke
Topography .................................................... 785
Toposequence .................................................. 785
Topsoil ....................................................... 785
Trace Elements ................................................ 785
   M.B. Kirkham
Transport ..................................................... 790
Transport Processes ........................................... 791
   Pieter H. Groenevelt
Tropical Soils ................................................ 793
   Charles W. Finkl
Truncated Soil ................................................ 803
Tundra ........................................................ 804
Turf .......................................................... 804
Type .......................................................... 804
Umbrisols ..................................................... 805
   Otto Spaargaren
Undifferentiated Map Unit ..................................... 806
Universal Soil Loss Equation .................................. 806
Unsaturated Flow .............................................. 806
Vadose ........................................................ 807
Ventifacts .................................................... 807
   Rhodes W. Fairbridge
Vertisols ..................................................... 807
   Otto Spaargaren
Void .......................................................... 809
Vugh .......................................................... 809
Wasteland ..................................................... 811
Water Budget in Soil .......................................... 811
   Gary W. Parkin
Water Content ................................................. 813
Water Content and Retention ................................... 814
   Walter H. Gardner
Water Erosion ................................................. 817
   K. Auerswald
Water Fluxes .................................................. 822
Water Holding Capacity ........................................ 822
Water Movement ................................................ 822
   Johannes Bouma
Water Potential ............................................... 825
Water Table ................................................... 825
Waterlogged ................................................... 825
Watershed ..................................................... 825
Weathering Systems in Soil Science ............................ 825
   Ward Chesworth
Wentworth Scale ............................................... 830
Wetland ....................................................... 830
Wettability ................................................... 830
Wetting Front ................................................. 830
   H.J. Morel-Seytoux
Wilting Point ................................................. 835
Wind Erosion .................................................. 835
   Michael Brookfield
Wind Erosion Equation ......................................... 838
Windthrow ..................................................... 838
Woodland ...................................................... 838
Yield ......................................................... 839
Zeta Potential ................................................ 841
   R.J. Zasoski
Zonal Soil .................................................... 845
Zone .......................................................... 845
Author Index .................................................. 847
Subject Index ................................................. 849


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Документ изменен: Wed Feb 27 14:24:24 2019. Размер: 54,550 bytes.
Посещение N 1618 c 11.12.2012