COOPERATIVE EFFECTS IN PLASMAS
В.В. Kadomtsev
1 Preliminaries ................................................ 1
1.1 Plasma states ........................................... 1
1.2 Ion-sound waves ......................................... 2
1.3 Linear waves in dispersive media ........................ 6
2 Nonlinear waves ............................................. 20
2.1 Ordinary progressive waves ............................. 20
2.2 Waves in weakly dispersive media ....................... 29
2.3 Wave self-focusing and self-compressing ................ 56
2.4 Nonlinear wave interaction ............................. 65
2.5 Solitons ............................................... 85
3 Waves and particles ........................................ 102
3.1 Landau damping ........................................ 102
3.2 Echo in a plasma ...................................... 124
3.3 Scattering of waves by particles ...................... 135
4 Plasma in a magnetic field ................................. 137
4.1 Magneto-hydrodynamics ................................. 137
4.2 Two-fluid magneto-hydrodynamics ....................... 148
4.3 Plasma diffusion ...................................... 159
5 Linear waves ............................................... 172
5.1 Alfvén and magneto-acoustic waves ..................... 172
5.2 Wave dispersion in two-fluid hydrodynamics ............ 184
5.3 Electromagnetic waves in a plasma ..................... 195
5.4 Wave energy and momentum .............................. 202
References ................................................. 222
RELATIVISTIC INTERACTION OF LASER PULSES WITH PLASMAS
S.V. Bulanov, F. Califano, G.I. Dudnikova,
T. Zh. Esirkepov, I. N. Inovenkov, F. F. Kamenets,
T. V. Liseikina, M. Lontano, K. Mima, N. M. Naumova,
K. Nishihara, F. Pegoraro, H. Ruhl, A. S. Sakharov,
Y. Sentoku, V. A. Vshivkov, V. V. Zhakhovskii
Introduction ............................................... 227
1 Relativistically strong electromagnetic waves in
underdense plasmas ......................................... 237
1.1 Basic equations ....................................... 237
1.2 Longitudinal relativistically strong waves in cold
plasmas ............................................... 239
1.3 Transverse relativistically strong electromagnetic
waves ................................................. 241
1.4 Stimulated Raman scattering ........................... 243
1.5 Self-modulation of laser pulses ....................... 245
1.6 Relativistic filamentation and self-focusing .......... 247
2 Acceleration of charged particles and photons .............. 249
2.1 Langmuir wave excitation .............................. 249
2.2 Charged particle acceleration by the "wake field" ..... 254
2.3 Injection of charged particles into the acceleration
phase ................................................. 255
2.4 Transverse wake-wave breaking ......................... 257
2.5 Upshifting of the electromagnetic wave frequency
during the interaction with nonlinear plasma waves .... 262
3 Filamentation of the laser light and magnetic interaction
of filaments of electromagnetic radiation .................. 265
3.1 Generation of quasi-static magnetic field ............. 266
3.2 Merging of the filaments .............................. 266
3.3 Electron vortices ..................................... 267
3.4 Hole boring and ion acceleration by a petawatt laser
pulse in underdense plasmas ........................... 273
4 Relativistic solitons ...................................... 280
4.1 Envelope and sub-cycle circularly polarized solitons .. 280
4.2 Relativistic subcycle solitons in the 2D case ......... 283
4.3 2D and 3D PIC simulations of soliton generation ....... 284
4.4 Influence of plasma inhomogeneity ..................... 288
4.5 Mechanism of soliton generation ....................... 291
5 Interaction of an ultrashort, relativistically strong,
laser pulse with an overdense plasma ....................... 291
5.1 Oblique incidence on a non-uniform plasma ............. 292
5.2 Small amplitude electromagnetic waves in non-uniform
plasmas ............................................... 293
5.3 Non-linear plasma dynamics near a sharp boundary ...... 294
5.4 Plasma resonance ...................................... 296
5.5 "Vacuum heating" of the electrons ..................... 298
5.6 Ion acceleration during "vacuum heating" of
electrons ............................................. 299
5.7 Channel boring and soliton generation during the
propagation of a laser pulse in an inhomogeneous
plasma ................................................ 300
6 Nonlinear interaction of laser pulses with a foil .......... 305
6.1 Relativistic foil transparency and pulse shaping ...... 308
6.2 Induced backward focusing of the light reflected at
a mirror deformed by the radiation .................... 310
6.3 Change of the wave frequency and polarization ......... 311
6.4 The oscillating mirror model for high harmonic
generation ............................................ 315
6.5 Ion acceleration during the interaction of a laser
pulse with a slab of overdense plasma ................. 316
7 Coulomb explosion of a cluster irradiated by a high
intensity laser pulse ...................................... 320
7.1 Expansion of the non-neutral ion cloud ................ 321
7.2 Results of 2D and 3D PIC computer simulations of the
Coulomb explosion of small clusters ................... 324
8 Conclusions ................................................ 326
References .................................................... 327
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