List of Figures .............................................. viii
List of Tables ................................................. ix
List of Boxes ................................................... x
List of Case studies ........................................... xi
Acknowledgements .............................................. xii
1 Climate change - an urban problem? ........................... 1
Introducing climate change ................................... 1
What has climate change got to do with the city? ............. 5
Urban worlds and climate-change futures ...................... 9
Chapter outline ........................................... 14
Discussion points ........................................... 16
Further reading and resources ............................... 16
2 Climate risk and vulnerability in the city .................. 18
Introduction ................................................ 18
The urban impacts of climate change ......................... 20
Climate change and urban vulnerability ...................... 28
Conclusions ................................................. 42
Discussion points ........................................... 43
Further reading and resources ............................... 43
3 Accounting for urban GHG emissions .......................... 45
Introduction ................................................ 45
Assessing the urban contribution to climate change .......... 47
Urban difference and the drivers of GHG emissions ........... 58
Conclusions ................................................. 69
Discussion points ........................................... 69
Further reading and resources ............................... 70
4 Governing climate change in the city ........................ 71
Introduction ................................................ 71
Charting the emergence of urban climate-change responses .... 74
Understanding the nature of urban climate governance ........ 91
Conclusions ................................................ 104
Discussion points .......................................... 105
Further reading and resources .............................. 105
5 Climate-change mitigation and low-carbon cities ............ 106
Introduction ............................................... 106
What is mitigation? ........................................ 108
Making mitigation policy ................................... 109
Municipal climate-change mitigation in action .............. 118
The drivers and challenges of mitigation ................... 132
Conclusions ................................................ 138
Discussion points .......................................... 140
Further reading and resources .............................. 141
6 Urban adaptation - towards climate-resilient cities? ....... 142
Introduction ............................................... 142
What is adaptation? ........................................ 144
Making adaptation policy ................................... 150
Municipal climate-change adaptation in practice ............ 163
Drivers and barriers for urban climate-change adaptation ... 179
Conclusions ................................................ 187
Discussion points .......................................... 188
Further reading and resources .............................. 188
7 Climate-change experiments and alternatives in the city .... 190
Introduction ............................................... 190
Sowing the seeds of change? ................................ 192
Experiments in practice .................................... 200
Alternatives: moving beyond the mainstream? ................ 215
Conclusions ................................................ 226
Discussion points .......................................... 227
Further reading and resources .............................. 227
8 Conclusions ................................................ 229
Changing climate, changing cities? ......................... 230
Urban futures: towards climate justice? .................... 235
Bibliography .................................................. 238
Index ......................................................... 255
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