Preface ........................................................ ix
The Authors .................................................... xi
1 Magnetorheological Fluid ..................................... 1
1.1 Physical Properties ..................................... 1
1.2 Potential Applications .................................. 5
References .................................................. 11
2 Control Strategies .......................................... 17
2.1 Introduction ........................................... 17
2.2 Semi-Active Control .................................... 17
2.3 PID Control ............................................ 22
2.4 LQ Control ............................................. 25
2.5 Sliding Mode Control ................................... 27
References .................................................. 30
3 Hysteretic Behaviors of Magnetorheological (MR) Fluid ....... 33
3.1 Introduction ........................................... 33
3.2 Preisach Hysteresis Model Identification ............... 35
3.2.1 Hysteresis Phenomenon ........................... 35
3.2.2 Preisach Model .................................. 41
3.2.3 Hysteresis Identification and Compensation ...... 45
3.3 Polynomial Hysteresis Model Identification ............. 52
3.3.1 Hysteresis Phenomenon ........................... 52
3.3.2 Polynomial Model ................................ 53
3.3.3 Hysteresis Identification and Compensation ...... 56
3.4 Some Final Thoughts .................................... 60
References .................................................. 61
4 Magnetorheological (MR) Suspension System for Passenger
Vehicles .................................................... 63
4.1 Introduction ........................................... 63
4.2 Optimal Design ......................................... 66
4.2.1 Configuration and Modeling ...................... 66
4.2.2 Design Optimization ............................. 71
4.2.3 Optimization Results ............................ 75
4.3 Damping Force Control .................................. 84
4.3.1 MR Damper ....................................... 84
4.3.2 Preisach Model .................................. 87
4.3.3 Controller Formulation .......................... 92
4.3.3.1 Biviscous model ........................ 94
4.3.3.2 Inverse Bingham model .................. 95
4.3.3.3 Preisach hysteresis compensator ........ 96
4.3.4 Control Results ................................. 97
4.4 Full-Vehicle Test ..................................... 105
4.4.1 MR Damper ...................................... 105
4.4.2 Full-Vehicle Suspension ........................ 109
4.4.3 Controller Design .............................. 113
4.4.4 Performance Evaluation ......................... 117
4.5 Some Final Thoughts ................................... 120
References ................................................. 122
5 Magnetorheological (MR) Suspension System for Tracked
and Railway Vehicles ....................................... 125
5.1 Introduction .......................................... 125
5.2 Tracked Vehicles ...................................... 126
5.2.1 System Modeling ................................ 126
5.2.2 Optimal Design of the MR Valve ................. 130
5.2.3 Vibration Control Results ...................... 135
5.3 Railway Vehicles ...................................... 140
5.3.1 System Modeling ................................ 140
5.3.2 Vibration Control Results ...................... 145
5.4 Some Final Thoughts ................................... 148
References ................................................. 149
6 MR Applications for Vibration and Impact Control ........... 151
6.1 Introduction .......................................... 151
6.2 MR Engine Mount ....................................... 152
6.2.1 Configuration and Modeling ..................... 152
6.2.2 Full-Vehicle Model ............................. 156
6.2.3 Control Responses .............................. 162
6.3 MR Impact Damper ...................................... 167
6.3.1 Dynamic Modeling ............................... 167
6.3.2 Collision Mitigation ........................... 171
6.4 Some Final Thoughts ................................... 174
References ................................................. 175
7 Magnetorheological (MR) Brake System ....................... 179
7.1 Introduction .......................................... 179
7.2 Bi-directional MR Brake ............................... 182
7.2.1 Configuration and Torque Modeling .............. 182
7.2.2 Magnetic Circuit ............................... 185
7.2.3 Optimal Design ................................. 192
7.2.4 Results and Discussions ........................ 195
7.3 Torsional MR Brake .................................... 204
7.3.1 Control System of Torsional Vibration .......... 204
7.3.2 Optimal Design ................................. 207
7.3.3 Results and Discussions ........................ 213
7.4 Some Final Thoughts ................................... 219
References ................................................. 220
8 Magnetorheological (MR) Applications for Heavy Vehicles .... 223
8.1 Introduction .......................................... 223
8.2 MR Fan Clutch ......................................... 225
8.2.1 Design Optimization ............................ 225
8.2.2 Controller Formulation ......................... 234
8.2.3 Experimental Results ........................... 237
8.3 MR Seat Damper ........................................ 241
8.3.1 Damper Design .................................. 241
8.3.2 System Modeling ................................ 244
8.3.3 Vibration Control Results ...................... 247
8.4 Some Final Thoughts ................................... 252
References ................................................. 253
9 Haptic Applications for Vehicles ........................... 255
9.1 Introduction .......................................... 255
9.2 Multi-Functional MR Control Knob ...................... 257
9.2.1 Configuration .................................. 257
9.2.2 Design Optimization ............................ 259
9.2.3 Haptic Architecture ............................ 264
9.2.4 Performance Evaluation ......................... 270
9.3 MR Haptic Cue Accelerator ............................. 276
9.3.1 Configuration and Optimization ................. 276
9.3.2 Automotive Engine-Transmission Model ........... 282
9.3.3 Haptic Architecture ............................ 287
9.3.4 Performance Evaluation ......................... 290
9.4 Some Final Thoughts ................................... 297
References ................................................. 297
Index ......................................................... 301
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