Preface: 8th International Conference on Concentrating
Photovoltaic Systems
Francisca Rubio, I. Antón, K. Araki, A. W. Bett,
F. Dimroth, S. Kurtz, B. McConnell, and G. Sala .............. 1
Committees 3 CONCENTRATOR SOLAR CELLS, CELL ASSEMBLIES AND
RELATED MATERIALS
Optimization of the silicon subcell for III-V on silicon
multijunction solar cells: Key differences with conventional
silicon technology
Elisa García-Tabarés, Diego Martín, Ivan García, Jean
François Lelièvre, and Ignacio Rey-Stolle .................... 5
The effect of concentration on the performance of quantum dot
intermediate-band solar cells
Yoshitaka Okada, Katsuhisa Yoshida, Yasushi Shoji, Akio
Ogura, Pablo García-Linares, Antonio Martí, and Antonio
Luque ....................................................... 10
High-efficiency multijunction solar cells employing dilute
nitrides
Vijit Sabnis, Homan Yuen, and Mike Wiemer ................... 14
Effects of quantum dot layers on the behavior of
multijunction solar cell operation under concentration
Olivier Thériault, Alex Walker, Jeffrey F. Wheeldon, and
Karin Hinzer ................................................ 20
III-V-N materials for super high-efficiency multijunction
solar cells
Masafumi Yamaguchi, Boussairi Bouzazi, Hidetoshi Suzuki,
Kazuma Ikeda, Nobuaki Kojima, and Yoshio Ohshita ............ 24
Multijunction solar cell with intermediate IR reflector
M.Z. Shvarts, E.A. Aronova, V.M. Emelyanov,
N.A. Kalyuzhnyy, V.M. Lantratov, S.A. Mintairov,
A.A. Soluyanov, and N.Kh. Timoshina ......................... 28
In situ control of Si(100) and Ge(100) surface preparation
for the heteroepitaxy of III-V solar cell architectures
Sebastian Brückner, Oliver Supplie, Enrique Barrigón,
Anja Dobrich, Johannes Luczak, Claas Löbbel, Ignacio
Rey-Stolle, Peter Kleinschmidt, Henning Döscher, and
Thomas Hannappel ............................................ 32
Scalable virtual Ge templates for III-V integration on Si
wafers
Radek Roucka, Andrew Clark, Scott Semans, John Tolle, and
Michael Lebby ...............................................
Open-circuit-voltage enhancement of the III-V super-lattice
solar cells under optical concentration
Kentaroh Watanabe, Yunpeng Wang, Hassanet Sodabanlu,
Shaojun Ma, Boram Kim, Masakazu Sugiyama, and Yoshiaki
Nakano ...................................................... 40
Optimization of 3-junction inverted metamorphic solar cells
for high-temperature and high-concentration operation
John F. Geisz, Anna Duda, Ryan M. France, Daniel
J. Friedman, Ivan Garcia, Waldo Olavarria, Jerry M. Olson,
Myles A. Steiner, J. Scott Ward, and Michelle Young ......... 44
Comparison of GalnNAs and GalnNAsSb solar cells grown by
plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy
Arto Aho, Antti Tukiainen, Ville-Markus Korpijärvi, Ville
Polojärvi, Joel Salmi, and Mircea Guina ..................... 49
Electroless copper contacts for low concentration silicon
solar cells
Julius Janušonis, Algirdas Galdikas, Valdemaras Juzumas,
Lina Jaraminė, Tomas Lukstaraupis, Darius Andrijauskas,
Vida Janušoniene, Darius Janušonis, and Juras Ulbikas ....... 53
1 eV In0.3Ga0.7As subcell towards the high-efficiency inverted
metamorphic solar cells
Jingfeng Bi, Guijiang Lin, Jianqing Liu, Minghui Song,
Liangjun Wang, Weiping Xiong, Zhiming Wu, and Zhidong Lin ... 57
Transfer of GaAs-based solar cells onto molybdenum and
silicon substrates
Yu-Li Tsai, Chih-Hung Wu, Jei-Li Ho, and Chun-Ming Lai ...... 61
High power GaSb PV cells with nanocrystalline Si inclusions
in the space charge region
V.S. Kalinovsky, R.V. Levin, В.V. Pushniy, V.D. Rumyntsev,
and V.M. Andreev ............................................ 65
CONCENTRATING OPTICS AND RELATED MATERIALS
The dome-shaped Fresnel-Kohler concentrator
P. Zamora, P. Benitez, Y. Li, J.C. Miñano, J. Mendes-
Lopes, and K. Araki ......................................... 69
Double curvature mirrors for linear concentrators
Tamir Lance, Harold Ackler, and Marc Finot .................. 73
Comparison of primary optics in amonix CPV arrays
Aditya Nayak, Geoffrey S. Kinsey, Mingguo Liu, William
Bagienski, and Vahan Garboushian ............................ 77
Triple-junction solar cell performance under Fresnel-based
concentrators taking into account chromatic aberration and
off-axis operation
P. Espinet-González, R. Mohedano, I. García, P. Zamora,
I. Rey-Stolle, P. Benitez, C. Algora, A. Cvetkovic,
M. Hernández, J. Chaves, J.C. Miñano, and Y. Li ............. 81
Indoor characterization of secondary optical elements
Tobias Schmid, Thorsten Hornung, and Peter Nitz ............. 85
Thermal deformation impacts on SOG Fresnel lens performance
Murat Büyükcoşkun, Hans Philipp Annen, and Luis Felipe
Gonzalez Muñoz .............................................. 89
A single reflection approach to HCPV: Very high concentration
ratio and wide acceptance angles using low cost materials
Davide De Nardis ............................................ 94
LOW CONCENTRATION CPV SYSTEMS
Solar cells design for low and medium concentrating
photovoltaic systems
Hasan Baig, Keith C. Heasman, Nabin Sarmah, and Tapas
Mallick ..................................................... 98
Field experience and performance evaluation of a medium-
concentration CPV system
Matthew Norton, Roger Bentley, George E. Georghiou,
Sylvain Chonavel, and Alfredo De Mutiis .................... 102
Design of nonimaging static solar concentrator for
window integrated photovoltaic
Nazmi Sellami and Tapas K. Mallick ......................... 106
Indoor performance analysis of a low concentrating
photovoltaic module for building integration
Nabin Sarmah, Aritra Ghosh, and Tapas K. Mallick ........... 110
Results from the first ANU-chromasun CPV-T microconcentrator
prototype in Canberra
Marta Vivar, Vernie Everett, Manuel Fuentes, Elizabeth
Thomsen, Judy Harvey, Matthieu Ebert, Peter le Lievre,
Michael Greaves, Andrew Tanner, and Andrew Blakers ......... 114
CHARACTERIZATION OF CELLS, MODULES AND SYSTEM COMPONENTS
The "fill-factor bias measurement" for advanced triple-
junction solar cell characterization and quality control
Simon Fafard, Christopher E. Valdivia, and Steven
G. Wallace ................................................. 118
Generalized spectral performance evaluation of multijunction
solar cells using a multicore, parallelized version of
SMARTS
Joachim Jaus and Christian A. Gueymard ..................... 122
Probing the effects of non-uniform light beams and chromatic
aberration on the performance of concentrators using
multijunction cells
César Dominguez, Marta Victoria, Rebeca Herrero, Steve
Askins, Ignacio Antón, and Gabriel Sala .................... 127
Spectrally resolved DNI measurements: Results of a field
comparison of spectroradiometers, component cells and the
SOLIS satellite model
Tobias Gerstmaier, Sascha van Riesen, Jan Schulz-Gericke,
Andreas Gombert, Tanja Behrendt, Elke Lorenz, Marc
Steiner, Michael Schachtner, Gerald Siefer, and
Andreas W. Bert ............................................ 131
Influence of ambient conditions in the power rating of CPV
modules
Pablo Trujillo, Juan Pablo Ferrer, María Martínez, and
Francisca Rubio ............................................ 135
Intercomparison of spectroradiometers for solar spectral
irradiance measurements preliminary results
R. Galleano, W. Zaaiman, P. Morabito, A. Minuto,
A. Spena, S. Bartocci, R. Fucci, G. Leanza, D. Pavanello,
A. Virtuani, D. Fasanaro, M. Catena, and M. Norton ......... 139
Three years of observed failures and performance related
issues associated with on-sun CPV module testing
Matthew Muller, Sarah Kurtz, and Jose Rodriguez ............ 143
Open circuit voltage temperature coefficients vs.
concentration: Theory, indoor measurements, and outdoor
measurements
Will Bagienski, Geoffrey S. Kinsey, Mingguo Liu, Adi
Nayak, and Vahan Garboushian ............................... 148
Evaluation of the solar cell internal resistance in I-V
measurements under flash illumination
V.D. Rumyantsev, V.R. Larionov, D.A. Malevskiy,
P.V. Pokrovskiy, A.V. Chekalin, and M.Z. Shvarts ........... 152
On-site measurement of limiting subcell in multijunction
solar devices
E. Muñoz-Cerón, J.C. Miñano, P. Benítez, G. Almonacid,
and M. Buljan .............................................. 157
Indoor characterization at production scale: 200 kWp of CPV
solar simulator measurements
Juan Pablo Ferrer, María Martínez, Pablo Trujillo,
Francisca Rubio, Steve Askins, Cesar Domínguez, Rebeca
Herrero, and Gabriel Sala .................................. 161
Measurement of mismatch loss in CPV modul
Mingguo Liu, Geoffrey S. Kinsey, Will Bagienski, Adi
Nayak, and Vahan Garboushian ............................... 165
Indoor characterization of the receiver for the novel
InPhoCUS concrete tracker CPV system
Mauro Pravettoni, Thomas Cooper, Gianluca Ambrosetti, and
Aldo Steinfeld ............................................. 168
Estimating cell temperature in a concentrating photovoltaic
system
M.D. Yandt, J.F. Wheeldon, J. Cook, R. Beal,
A.W. Walker, O. Thériault, H. Schriemer, T.J. Hall, and
K. Hinzer .................................................. 172
Analysis and characterization of an outdoor CPV system
comparative with other PV technologies
B. García-Domingo, J. V. Muñoz, J. Aguilera, and
M. Fuentes ................................................. 176
Modelling CPV silicon solar cells under inhomogeneous
irradiation
F. Reis, J. Wemans, G. Sorasio, N. Pereira, and
M.C. Brito ................................................. 181
Non-radiative carrier recombination mechanism in the InGaAs/
GaAsP strain-balanced quantum well solar cells with
different number of stacks by using a piezoelectric
photothermal method
Atsuhiko Fukuyama, Yosuke Nakano, Taketo Aihara, Hiroaki
Fujii, Masakazu Sugiyama, Yoshiaki Nakano, and Tetsuo
Ikari ...................................................... 185
Temperature coefficients of monolithic 1II-V triple-junction
solar cells under different spectra and irradiance levels
E.F. Fernández, G. Siefer, M. Schachtner, A.J. Garcáa
Loureiro, and P. Pérez-Higueras ............................ 189
Quantifying the effect of air temperature in CPV modules
under outdoor conditions
Eduardo F. Fernández, P. Pérez-Higueras, F. Almonacid,
A.J. Garcia Loureiro, J.I. Fernández, P. Rodrigo,
P.G. Vidal, and G. Almonacid ............................... 194
Artificial neural networks for the generation of direct
normal solar annual irradiance synthetic series
J. Rodrigo, L. Hontoria, F. Almonacid, Eduardo
F. Fernández, P.M. Rodrigo, and P.J. Pérez-Higueras ........ 198
HIGH CONCENTRATION CPV MODULES, COMBINED HEAT AND POWER
SYSTEMS
From a 32 m2 system with 90 CPV modules to a 105 m2 system
with 12 CPV modules - Soitec's new CPV system CX-S530
Andreas Gombert, Sven Wanka, Eckart Gerster, Sascha van
Riesen, Martin Neubauer, Gerrit Lange, Amir Hamidi,
Thomas Burke, Jakob Stör, Wolfgang Aipperspach, Cecile
Taliercio, Lucas Mader, Alessandro Valli, Martin Ziegler,
Stefan Hepp, Inka Heile, Tobias Gerstmaier, and
Karl-Friedrich Haarburger .................................. 200
Front-side interconnected large area concentrator cells for
compact concentrator modules
Maike Wiesenfarth, Marc Steiner, Henning Helmers,
Gerald Siefer, Eduard Oliva, Frank Dimroth, Gil Shelef,
Guy Polonsky, Yuri Flitsanov, Abraham Kribus, and
Andreas W. Bett ............................................ 204
Outdoor performance of fluid dielectric CPV modules
M. Victoria, S. Askins, C. Dominguez, I. Antón, and
G. Sala .................................................... 208
From cell to module in a CPV system: Design for mass
production of a 31.5% efficiency module
M. Castro and O. González .................................. 213
Tilt optimization of a building integrated solar
concentrating unit
D. Chemisana, Y. Tripanagnostopoulos, Chr. Lamnatou,
M. Souliotis, J.I. Rosell, and J. Barrau ................... 217
Hybrid lighting-CPV, a new efficient concept combining
illumination with CPV
R. Núñez, I. Antón, and G. Sala ............................
Performance of solmacs, a high PV solar concentrator with
efficient optics
T. Thibert, M.-L. Hellin, J. Loicq, E. Mazy, L. Jacques,
D. Verstraeten, J.-M. Gillis, F. Languy, C. Emmerechts,
E. Beeckman, S. Habraken, and J.-H. Lecat .................. 225
Towards an innovative spectral-splitting hybrid PV-T micro-
concentrator
Vernie Everett, Yiliang Wu, Alois Resch, Matthieu Ebert,
Marta Vivar, Elizabeth Thomsen, Judy Harvey, Paul Scott,
Michael Greaves, Andrew Tanner, and Andrew Blakers ......... 230
Modelling an actively-cooled CPV system
A. Buonomano, G. Mittelman, D. Faiman, S. Biryukov,
V. Melnichak, D. Bukobza, and S. Kabalo .................... 235
Thermal management and overall performance of a high
concentration PV
Werner Escher, Stephan Paredes, Severin Zimmermann, Chin
Lee Ong, Patrick Ruch, and Bruno Michel .................... 239
TRACKING AND RELATED COMPONENTS
Two interactive and practical methods for optimization of
tracker allocation in a given land
Kenji Araki ................................................ 244
Maximum energy yield approach for CPV tracker design
E. Aldaiturriaga, O. González, and M. Castro ............... 248
MISPS: Module integrated solar position sensor for
concentration photovoltaics
Ricard Pardell ............................................. 252
Assessing the spectral distribution on different tracking
confederations
G. Gaspar, J.M. Pó, C. Magarreiro, A. Los, and
M.C. Brito ................................................. 258
New sensor for measuring tracking accuracy, tracker
vibration, and structural deflection
T. Missbach and J. Jaus .................................... 262
RELIABILITY OF CPV SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS, ACCELERATED
TESTING PROCEDURES
Simulation and experiment of thermal fatigue in the CPV die
attach
Nick Bosco, Timothy Silverman, and Sarah Kurtz ............. 267
Experience from reliability field trails
Mark Spencer, Andrew Kearney, and John Bowman .............. 272
Degradation study on optical materials for concentrator
photovoltaics
Fabian Eltermann, Kerstin Roeder, Maike Wiesenfarth,
Juergen Wilde, and Andreas W. Bett ......................... 276
Fatigue failure of concentrator III-V solar cells - Does
forward bias current injection really kill IH-V CPV cells?
Kenji Araki, Hirokazu Nagai, and Kazuyuki Tamura ........... 281
Performance and reliability of silicone polymers in 1000X
concentration CPV applications
Michael R. Winter, Ian Aeby, and James Foresi .............. 285
Development of CPV solar receiver based on insulated metal
substrate (IMS): Comparison with receiver based on the
direct bonded copper substrate (DBC) - A reliability study
Loi'c Mabille, Christophe Mangeant, and Mathieu Baudrit .... 289
Reliability of concentrix™ CPV modules
E. Gerster, A. Gombert, and S. Wanka ....................... 294
Benefits of a water-borne CPV system
Stephanie Rosenthal and Duncan Earl ........................ 297
FIELD PERFORMANCE, UTILITY SCALE INSTALLATIONS, GRID
INTEGRATION AND ENERGY PREDICTION, CODES AND STANDARDS
Analysis of energy production at a 1 MW CPV site in southern
California
John Bowman, Steffen Jensen, and Jane Melia ................ 301
How predictable is DNI? An evaluation of day ahead DNI
forecasts from four different providers
Tobias Gerstmaier, Michael Buhrer, Michael Röttger,
Andreas Gombert, Clifford W. Hansen, and Joshua S. Stein ... 305
Realistic power output modeling of CPV modules
Marc Steiner, Gerald Siefer, Armin Bosch, Thorsten
Hornung, and Andreas W. Bett ............................... 309
Contribution of concentrator photovoltaic installations to
grid stability and power quality
Xavier del Того García, Pedro Roncero-Sánchez, Alfonso
Раrrеñо Torres, and Javier Vázquez ......................... 313
Evaluation of DNI forecast based on the WRF mesoscale
atmospheric model for CPV applications
V. Lara-Fanego, J.A. Ruiz-Arias, A.D. Pozo-Vázquez,
C.A. Gueymard, and J. Tovar-Pescador ....................... 317
CPV plants data analysis. ISFOC and NACIR projects results
M. Martínez, F. Rubio, G. Sala, D. Pachón, A. Bett,
G. Siefer, M. Vetter, A. Schies, J. Wachtel, A. Gombert,
J. Wüllner, V. Díaz, M.A. Vázquez, F. Abulfotuh,
K. Fetyan, A. el Moussaoui, S. Mansouri, K. Loudiyi,
H. Darhmaoui, and T. Mrabti ................................ 323
Performance of a micro-cell based transfer printed HCPV
system in the South Eastern US
Kanchan Ghosal, Doug Lilly, John Gabriel, Steve Seel,
Etienne Menard, Scott Burroughs, Ron Daniel, Scott Lowe,
and Charles Kudija ......................................... 327
Power rating of CPV systems based on spectrally corrected
DNI
I. Antón, M. Martínez, F. Rubio, R. Núñez, R. Herrero,
C. Domínguez, M. Victoria, S. Askins, and G. Sala ..........
Validation of energy harvest modeling for X14 system
Marc Finot, Bob MacDonald, and Tamir Lance ................. 336
Impact of volcanic ash on CPV system in Miyazaki Japan
Yasuyuki Ota, Kenji Araki, and Kensuke Nishioka ............ 340
Proposal of an energy rating method fair to countries of
lower irradiance resources
Kenji Araki ................................................ 344
CPV performance versus soiling effects: Cleaning policies
D. Sanchez, P. Trujillo, M. Martinez, J. P. Ferrer, and
F. Rubio .................................................... 348
Modeling a grid-connected, passively-cooled CPV system
E. Strobach, D. Faiman, V. Melnichak, D. Bukobza,
S. Kabalo, A. Gombert, T. Gerstmaier, and M. Roettger ...... 352
Beyond the 45th parallel: Northern climate direct normal
irradiance data and analysis
R.M. Beal, J. Mohammed, A. Muron, M. Yandt, J.E. Haysom,
P. Dufour, S. Myrskog, and K. Hinzer ....................... 356
CPV hybrid system in ISFOC building, first results
Pablo Trujillo, César Alamillo, Eduardo Gil, Óscar de la
Rubia, María Martínez, Francisca Rubio, Andros Cadavid,
José Navarro, Sascha Hillenbrand, Isabel Ballesteros-
Sánchez, Manuel Castillo-Cagigal, Daniel Masa-Bote,
Eduardo Matallanas, Estefanía Сааmaño-Martín, and Álvaro
Gutiérrez .................................................. 360
Temperature distribution in 820X CPV module during outdoor
operation
Yasuyuki Ota, Hirokazu Nagai, Kenji Araki, and Kensuke
Nishioka ................................................... 364
CPV Vs. PV from a grid-matching perspective
E. Strobach, S. Bader, D. Faiman, A.A. Solomon, and
G. Meron ................................................... 368
Performance of CPV system using three types of III-V multi-
junction solar cells
Jun Hashimoto, Sarah Kurtz, Keiichiro Sakurai, Matthew
Muller, and Kenji Otani .................................... 372
APPLICATIONS, POLICIES AND MARKET STUDIES, CPV MANUFACTURING
ASPECTS
Scalability of CPV towards multi-gigawatt deployment
Ben Depuydt, Eelco Bergman, Victor Khorenko, Ralf Leutz,
Jane Melia, and Axel Höflich ............................... 376
Natural conditions and administrative settings for
concentrating photovoltaics in China
Ling Fu, Xiaoyuan Chen, and Ralf Leutz .....................
Trajectories of concentrating photovoltaics (CPV) in market
space based on comparisons with offshore wind power
Ralf Leutz ................................................. 387
Calculation of direct normal irradiation from global
horizontal irradiation
Pedro Rodrigo, Pedro J. Pérez-Higueras, Florencia
Almonacid, Leocadio Hontoria, Eduardo F. Fernández,
Catalina Rus, Juan I. Fernández, Pedro Gómez, and Gabino
Almonacid .................................................. 391
Author Index .................................................. 395
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