PREFACE ......................................................... v
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION ......................................... 1
1.1 The Corrosion of Metals .................................... 1
1.2 Basic Concepts ............................................. 3
1.3 Phenomenological Aspects of Corrosive Attacks .............. 9
Chapter 2 THERMODYNAMICS OF CORROSION REACTIONS ............... 15
2.1 Chemical Equilibrium ...................................... 15
2.2 Electrochemical Equilibrium ............................... 22
2.3 Equilibrium Potential and Corrosion Behavior .............. 31
2.4 A Closer Look at Electrochemical Cells .................... 47
2.5 Physical Potential Scale .................................. 54
Chapter 3 SURFACES AND INTERFACES ............................. 59
3.1 Surface Tension Effects ................................... 59
3.2 Adsorption ................................................ 66
3.3 Chemical Characterization of Surfaces ..................... 73
3.4 Structural Characterization of Surfaces ................... 89
3.5 Electrode-Electrolyte Interface ........................... 98
Chapter 4 CORROSION REACTION RATES ........................... 119
4.1 Basic Concepts ........................................... 119
4.2 Charge Transfer .......................................... 125
4.3 Mass Transport ........................................... 142
Chapter 5 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF ELECTRODE REACTIONS .......... 179
5.1 Electrochemical Kinetics and Reaction Mechanisms ......... 179
5.2 Electrochemical Non-Steady-State Methods ................. 192
Chapter 6 PASSIVITY OF METALS ................................ 227
6.1 Transition from Active to Passive State .................. 227
6.2 Growth and Properties of Passive Oxide Films ............. 240
6.3 Passivity Breakdown and Transpassive Behavior ............ 262
Chapter 7 LOCALIZED CORROSION PHENOMENA ...................... 275
7.1 Corrosion Cells .......................................... 275
7.2 Non-Uniform Corrosion Governed by Metallurgy ............. 291
7.3 Pitting Corrosion ........................................ 312
Chapter 8 OXIDATION AND ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION ................ 331
8.1 Low-Temperature Oxidation ................................ 331
8.2 Atmospheric Corrosion of Steel ........................... 343
8.3 Atmospheric Corrosion of Non-Ferrous Metals .............. 360
Chapter 9 HIGH-TEMPERATURE CORROSION ......................... 365
9.1 Basic Concepts ........................................... 365
9.2 Oxidation of Metals ...................................... 372
9.3 Oxidation of Alloys ...................................... 388
9.4 Corrosion in the Presence of Sulfur Compounds ............ 402
Chapter 10 TRIBOCORROSION ..................................... 415
10.1 Introduction ............................................. 415
10.2 Chemical Effects in Friction and Lubrication ............. 417
10.3 Wear and Corrosion in Sliding Contacts ................... 428
10.4 Wear and Corrosion Due to Impacts ........................ 444
Chapter 11 ENVIRONMENT INDUCED CRACKING ....................... 461
11.1 Introduction ............................................. 461
11.2 Experimental Study of Environment Induced Cracking ....... 465
11.3 Hydrogen Embrittlement ................................... 477
11.4 Stress Corrosion Cracking ................................ 491
11.5 Corrosion Fatigue ........................................ 502
Chapter 12 PROTECTION OF ENGINEERING SYSTEMS AGAINST
CORROSION ..................................................... 513
12.1 Preventive Measures ...................................... 513
12.2 Coatings ................................................. 524
12.3 Corrosion Inhibitors ..................................... 544
12.4 Electrochemical Protection ............................... 563
ANNEXES ....................................................... 585
A.1 Constants and Units ....................................... 585
A.2 Periodic Table of the Elements ............................ 587
A.3 Problems .................................................. 588
A.4 List of Symbols ........................................... 611
INDEX ......................................................... 615
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