Vrentas J.S. Diffusion and mass transfer (Boca Raton, 2013). - ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ / CONTENTS
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ОбложкаVrentas J.S. Diffusion and mass transfer / J.S.Vrentas, C.M.Vrentas. - Boca Raton: CRC press/Taylor & Francis, 2013. - xxi, 622 p.: ill., tab. - Bibliogr.: 587-597. - Ind.: p.599-622. - ISBN 978-1-4665-1568-0
Шифр: (И/Ж-B87) 02

 

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Оглавление / Contents
 
List of Figures ................................................ xi
List of Tables ............................................... xvii
Preface ....................................................... xix
Authors ....................................................... xxi
1  Introduction ................................................. 1
   1.1  Generalized Transport Phenomena Approach to Problem
        Analysis ................................................ 1
   1.2  General Content ......................................... 3
2  Conservation Laws and Field Equations ........................ 5
   2.1  Concentrations, Velocities, and Fluxes .................. 5
   2.2  Thermodynamics of Purely Viscous Fluid Mixtures ......... 9
   2.3  Conservation of Mass for a One-Component System ........ 13
   2.4  4 Conservation of Mass for a Mixture ................... 14
   2.5  Modification of Field Equations for Mass Transfer ...... 16
   2.6  Conservation of Linear Momentum for One-Component
        Systems ................................................ 21
   2.7  Conservation of Linear Momentum for a Mixture .......... 25
   2.8  Conservation of Moment of Momentum for One-Component
        Systems ................................................ 27
   2.9  Conservation of Moment of Momentum for a Mixture ....... 29
   2.10 Strategies for the Solution of Mass Transfer Problems .. 30
3  Boundary Conditions ......................................... 33
   3.1  Definitions ............................................ 33
   3.2  Jump Balances for Mass Conservation .................... 34
   3.3  Jump Balances for Linear Momentum Conservation ......... 36
   3.4  Postulated Boundary Conditions at Phase Interfaces ..... 37
   3.5  Boundary Conditions in the Absence of Mass Transfer .... 38
   3.6  Utilization of Jump Balances ........................... 41
   3.7  Additional Comments on Boundary Conditions ............. 45
   3.8  Boundary Conditions and Uniqueness of Solutions ........ 50
4  Constitutive Equations ...................................... 55
   4.1  Constitutive Principles ................................ 55
        4.1.1  Principle of Determinism ........................ 56
        4.1.2  Principle of Equipresence ....................... 56
        4.1.3  Principle of Local Action ....................... 56
        4.1.4  Principle of Material Frame Indifference ........ 58
        4.1.5  Principle of Material Invariance ................ 64
        4.1.6  Principle of Dissipation (Entropy Inequality) ... 65
   4.2  First-Order Theory for Binary Systems .................. 68
   4.3  Combined Field and Constitutive Equations for First-
        Order Binary Theory .................................... 73
   4.4  First-Order Theory for Ternary Systems ................. 77
   4.5  Special Second-Order Theory for Binary Systems ......... 80
   4.6  Viscoelastic Effects in Flow and Diffusion ............. 85
        4.6.1  Deborah Number .................................. 86
        4.6.2  Constitutive Expression for the Extra Stress
               for a First-Order Fluid ......................... 88
        4.6.3  Viscoelastic Diffusion Flux ..................... 91
   4.7    Validity of Constitutive Equations ................... 93
5  Parameters in Constitutive Equations ........................ 99
   5.1  General Approach in Parameter Determination ............ 99
   5.2  Diffusion in Polymer-Solvent Mixtures ................. 100
   5.3  Diffusion in Infinitely Dilute Polymer Solutions ...... 104
   5.4  Diffusion in Dilute Polymer Solutions ................. 107
   5.5  Diffusion in Concentrated Polymer Solutions -
        Free-Volume Theory for Self-Diffusion ................. 111
        5.5.1  Volumetric Behavior for Rubbery Polymer-
               Solvent Systems ................................ 112
        5.5.2  Volumetric Behavior for Glassy Polymer-
               Solvent Systems ................................ 116
        5.5.3  Formulation of Equations for Self-Diffusion
               Coefficients ................................... 119
        5.5.4  Formulation of Predictive Method for Dj ........ 121
        5.5.5  Predictions of Dx .............................. 123
        5.5.6  Self-Diffusion for Ternary Systems ............. 127
   5.6  4 Diffusion in Concentrated Polymer Solutions -
        Mutual Diffusion Process .............................. 128
   5.7  Diffusion in Crosslinked Polymers ..................... 137
   5.8  Additional Properties of Diffusion Coefficients ....... 140
6  Special Behaviors of Polymer-Penetrant Systems ............. 149
   6.1  Volumetric Behavior of Polymer-Penetrant Systems ...... 149
   6.2  Sorption Behavior of Polymer-Penetrant Systems ........ 154
   6.3  Antiplasticization .................................... 166
   6.4  Nonequilibrium at Polymer-Penetrant Interfaces ........ 169
7  Mathematical Apparatus ..................................... 175
   7.1  Basic Definitions ..................................... 175
   7.2  Classification of Second-Order Partial Differential
        Equations ............................................. 179
   7.3  Specification of Boundary Conditions .................. 182
   7.4  Sturm-Liouville Theory ................................ 184
   7.5  Series and Integral Representations of Functions ...... 189
   7.6  Solution Methods for Partial Differential Equations ... 193
   7.7  Separation of Variables Method ........................ 194
   7.8  Separation of Variables Solutions ..................... 196
   7.9  Integral Transforms ................................... 204
   7.10 Similarity Transformations ............................ 212
   7.11 Green's Functions for Ordinary Differential
        Equations ............................................. 214
   7.12 Green's Functions for Elliptic Equations .............. 222
   7.13 Green's Functions for Parabolic Equations ............. 229
   7.14 Perturbation Solutions ................................ 235
   7.15 Weighted Residual Method .............................. 237
8  Solution Strategy for Mass Transfer Problems ............... 241
   8.1  Proposed Solution Methods ............................. 241
   8.2  Induced Convection .................................... 244
9  Solutions of a General Set of Mass Transfer Problems ....... 249
   9.1  Mixing of Two Ideal Gases ............................. 249
   9.2  Steady Evaporation of a Liquid in a Tube .............. 255
   9.3  Unsteady-State Evaporation ............................ 258
   9.4  Analysis of Free Diffusion Experiments ................ 262
   9.5  Dissolution of a Rubbery Polymer ...................... 265
   9.6  Bubble Growth from Zero Initial Size .................. 273
   9.7  Stability Behavior and Negative Concentrations in
        Ternary Systems ....................................... 277
   9.8  Analysis of Impurity Migration in Plastic Containers .. 282
   9.9  Efficiency of Green's Function Solution Method ........ 286
   9.10 Mass Transfer in Tube Flow ............................ 288
   9.11 Time-Dependent Interfacial Resistance ................. 294
   9.12 Laminar Liquid Jet Diffusion Analysis ................. 299
   9.13 Analysis of the Diaphragm Cell ........................ 300
   9.14 Dissolved Organic Carbon Removal from Marine
        Aquariums ............................................. 304
   9.15 Unsteady Diffusion in a Block Copolymer ............... 308
   9.16 Drying of Solvent-Coated Polymer Films ................ 314
   9.17 Flow and Diffusion Past a Flat Plate with Solid
        Dissolution ........................................... 318
   9.18 4 Gas Absorption in Vertical Laminar Liquid Jets ...... 324
   9.19 Utilization of Polymers in Drug Delivery .............. 329
   9.20 Gas Absorption and Diffusion into a Falling Liquid
        Film .................................................. 336
10 Perturbation Solutions of Mass Transfer Moving Boundary
   Problems ................................................... 339
   10.1 Dissolution of a Plane Surface of a Pure Gas Phase .... 340
   10.2 Bubble Dissolution .................................... 347
   10.3 Singular Perturbations in Moving Boundary Problems .... 350
   10.4 Dropping Mercury Electrode ............................ 359
   10.5 Sorption in Thin Films ................................ 364
   10.6 Numerical Analysis of Mass Transfer Moving Boundary
        Problems .............................................. 370
11 Diffusion and Reaction ..................................... 373
   11.1 Design of a Tubular Polymerization Reactor ............ 373
   11.2 Transport Effects in Low-Pressure CVD Reactors ........ 381
   11.3 Solution of Reaction Problems with First-Order
        Reactions ............................................. 385
   11.4 Plug Flow Reactors with Variable Mass Density ......... 393
   11.5 Bubble Dissolution and Chemical Reaction .............. 395
   11.6 Danckwerts Boundary Conditions for Chemical Reactors .. 398
12 Transport in Nonporous Membranes ........................... 407
   12.1 Assumptions Used in the Theory for Membrane
        Transport ............................................. 407
   12.2 Steady Mass Transport in Binary Membranes ............. 412
   12.3 Steady Mass Transport in Ternary Membranes ............ 414
        12.3.1 Gas Separations ................................ 416
        12.3.2 Solvent Drag ................................... 418
        12.3.3 Osmotic Effects ................................ 419
   12.4 Unsteady Mass Transport in Binary Membranes ........... 422
   12.5 Phase Inversion Process for Forming Asymmetric
        Membranes ............................................. 427
   12.6 Pressure Effects in Membranes ......................... 431
13 Analysis of Sorption and Desorption ........................ 433
   13.1 Derivation of a Short-Time Solution Form for
        Sorption in Thin Films ................................ 435
   13.2 Sorption to a Film from a Pure Fluid of Finite
        Volume ................................................ 437
   13.3 A General Analysis of Sorption in Thin Films .......... 442
   13.4 Analysis of Step-Change Sorption Experiments .......... 448
   13.5 Integral Sorption in Glassy Polymers .................. 450
   13.6 Integral Sorption in Rubbery Polymers ................. 461
   13.7 Oscillatory Diffusion and Diffusion Waves ............. 466
14 Dispersion and Chromatography .............................. 473
   14.1 Formulation of Taylor Dispersion Problem .............. 473
   14.2 Dispersion in Laminar Tube Flow for Low Peclet
        Numbers ............................................... 478
   14.3 Dispersion in Laminar Tube Flow for Long Times ........ 483
   14.4 Dispersion in Laminar Tube Flow for Short Times 486
   14.5 Analysis of an Inverse Gas Chromatography
        Experiment ............................................ 490
15 Effects of Pressure Gradients on Diffusion: Wave Behavior
   and Sedimentation .......................................... 499
   15.L Wave Propagation in Binary Fluid Mixtures ............. 499
   15.2 Hyperbolic Waves ...................................... 503
   15.3 Dispersive Waves ...................................... 505
   15.4 Time Effects for Parabolic and Hyperbolic Equations ... 507
   15.5 Sedimentation Equilibrium ............................. 511
16 Viscoelastic Diffusion ..................................... 515
   16.1 Experimental Results for Sorption Experiments ......... 515
   16.2 Viscoelastic Effects in Step-Change Sorption
        Experiments ........................................... 524
   16.3 Slow Bubble Dissolution in a Viscoelastic Fluid ....... 530
17 Transport with Moving Reference Frames ..................... 545
   17.1 Relationships between Fixed and Moving Reference
        Frames ................................................ 545
   17.2 Field Equations in Moving Reference Frames ............ 548
   17.3 Steady Diffusion in an Ultracentrifuge ................ 552
   17.4 Material Time Derivative Operators .................... 554
   17.5 Frame Indifference of Material Time Derivatives ....... 557
   17.6 Frame Indifference of Velocity Gradient Tensor ........ 560
   17.7 Rheological Implications .............................. 562
Appendix: Vector and Tensor Notation .......................... 565
   A.l  General Notation Conventions .......................... 565
   A.2  Vectors ............................................... 566
   A.3  Tensors ............................................... 569
   A.4  Results for Curvilinear Coordinates ................... 576
   A.5  Material and Spatial Representations .................. 578
   A.6  Reynolds' Transport Theorem ........................... 583
   References ................................................. 587

Index ......................................................... 599


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