Summary ......................................................... 1
Introduction ................................................... 11
1 Importance of U.S.-Russian Bioengagement .................... 23
2 Ensuring Appropriate Use of Biological Assets ............... 39
3 Advancing the Frontiers of Biological Research .............. 51
4 Application of Science in the Public and Private Sectors .... 61
5 Programs with Regional and Global Reaches ................... 73
6 Impacts of Bilateral Programs and Projects .................. 93
7 Impediments in Carrying Out Approved and Funded
Collaborative Projects ...................................... 91
8 Lessons Learned ............................................ 101
9 Strategies and Coordination ................................ 109
10 Recommendations for Future Bioengagement ................... 115
Appendix A. Available Resources ............................... 123
A.1 Biographical Sketches of Committee Members ............... 125
A.2 Relevant Reports of National Academies, Books, and
Other Publications ....................................... 131
A.3 Organizations Consulted .................................. 135
Appendix В. Examples of U.S.-Russian Agreements of Special
Relevance for Bioengagement ................................... 137
Appendix С. Activities in Bioengagement of Selected U.S.
Government Departments and Agencies ........................... 139
C.l Department of State ...................................... 141
C.2 Defense Threat Reduction Agency .......................... 143
C.3 Department of Energy ..................................... 151
C.4 Department of Health and Human Services .................. 157
C.5 National Institutes of Health ............................ 169
C.6 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ............... 173
C.7 National Science Foundation .............................. 177
C.8 U.S. Agency for International Development ................ 179
C.9 Environmental Protection Agency .......................... 183
C.10 Agricultural Research Service ............................ 185
C.ll Fish and Wildlife Service ................................ 189
Appendix D. Interest of Selected Russian Research
Institutions with Active Bioengagement Programs ............... 191
D.l State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology,
Vector ................................................... 193
D.2 All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology ......... 195
D.3 Research Institute of Influenza .......................... 197
D.4 Selected Institutes of the Siberian Branch of the
Russian Academy of Sciences .............................. 199
Appendix E. Activities of Other Organizations ................. 205
E.l Bilateral Presidential Commission ........................ 207
E.2 International Science and Technology Center .............. 209
E.3 Skolkovo Foundation and Innovation Center ................ 217
E.4 Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology ............. 219
E.5 Rusnano and Other Russian Investors ...................... 221
Appendix F. Other Topics of Interest .......................... 223
F.1 U.S.-Russian Joint Peer-Reviewed Articles, Reviews, and
Conference Proceedings ................................... 225
F.2 Russian Research Personnel and Funding ................... 227
F.3 Russia's Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Sectors ........ 229
F.4 Assessment of Developments in Agrobiotechnology in the
United States and Russia ................................. 233
F.5 Scientific Forum for Biomedical and Behavioral Research .. 239
F.6 Funding and Related Mechanisms ........................... 243
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