Shamsi U.M. GIS applications for water, wastewater, and stormwater systems
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Shamsi U.M. GIS applications for water, wastewater, and stormwater systems / Shamsi U.M. - Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2005. - 413 p. - ISBN 0-8493-2097-6.
 
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   Chapter 1 GIS Applications
   Learning Objective ................................................... 2
   Major Topics ......................................................... 2
   List of Chapter Acronyms ............................................. 2
   Introduction ......................................................... 2
   What Are GIS Applications? ........................................... 3
   History of GIS Applications .......................................... 4
   4M Applications ...................................................... 6
   Advantages and Disadvantages of GIS Applications ..................... 6
        Advantages ...................................................... 7
             GIS Applications Save Time and Money ....................... 7
             GIS Applications Are Critical to Sustaining GIS
                  Departments ........................................... 7
             GIS Applications Provide the Power of Integration .......... 8
             GIS Applications Offer a Decision Support Framework ........ 8
             GIS Applications Provide Effective Communication Tools ..... 9
             GIS Applications Are Numerous .............................. 9
        Disadvantages .................................................. 12
   Success Stories ..................................................... 13
        San Diego ...................................................... 13
        Boston ......................................................... 13
        Cincinnati ..................................................... 13
        Knoxville ...................................................... 14
        Dover .......................................................... 14
        Charlotte ...................................................... 14
        Albany County .................................................. 14
        GIS Applications Around the World .............................. 15
   Evolving GIS Applications and Trends ................................ 15
   Future Applications and Trends ...................................... 16
   GIS Application Development Procedure ............................... 19
   Application Programming ............................................. 20
        GIS-Based Approach ............................................. 20
             GIS Customization ......................................... 20
             Scripting ................................................. 20
             Extensions ................................................ 21
             External Programs ......................................... 23
        Application-Based Approach ..................................... 24
   Useful Web Sites .................................................... 24
   Chapter Summary ..................................................... 24
   Chapter Questions ................................................... 25

  Chapter 2 Needs Analysis
   Learning Objective .................................................. 28
   Major Topics ........................................................ 28
   List of  Chapter Acronyms ........................................... 28
   Ocean County's Strategic Plan ....................................... 28
   Introduction ........................................................ 28
   Needs Analysis Steps ................................................ 29
        Step 1. Stakeholder Identification ............................. 30
        Step 2. Stakeholder Communication .............................. 30
                Introductory Seminar ................................... 31
                Work Sessions and Focus Groups ......................... 31
                Interviews ............................................. 31
        Step 3. Resource Inventory ..................................... 32
        Step 4. Need Priorities ........................................ 33
        Step 5. System Design .......................................... 33
                Data Conversion (Mapping) .............................. 33
                Database ............................................... 34
                Software Selection ..................................... 36
                Hardware Selection ..................................... 37
                User Interface ......................................... 38
        Step 6. Pilot Project .......................................... 40
        Step 7. Implementation Plan .................................... 41
        Step 8. Final Presentation ..................................... 43
   Needs Analysis Examples ............................................. 43
        Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ....................................... 43
        Borough of Ramsey, New Jersey .................................. 44
        The City of Bloomington, Indiana ............................... 45
        San Mateo County, California ................................... 45
   Chapter Summary ..................................................... 45
   Chapter Questions ................................................... 46

   Chapter 3 Remote Sensing Applications
   Learning Objective .................................................. 48
   Major Topics ........................................................ 48
   List of Chapter Acronyms ............................................ 48
   Albany County's Remote Sensing Application .......................... 48
   Introduction ........................................................ 49
   Remote Sensing Applications ......................................... 51
   Remote Sensing Satellites ........................................... 52
   Spatial Resolution .................................................. 53
        Low-Resolution Satellite Data .................................. 53
        Medium-Resolution Satellite Data ............................... 54
        High-Resolution Satellite Data ................................. 56
             High-Resolution Satellites ................................ 56
             High-Resolution Imagery Applications ...................... 58
        Data Sources ................................................... 59
   Digital Orthophotos ................................................. 59
        USGS Digital Orthophotos ....................................... 60
             Case Study: Draping DOQQ Imagery on DEM Data .............. 62
   Examples of Remote Sensing Applications ............................. 62
        LULC Classification ............................................ 62
        Soil Moisture Mapping .......................................... 65
        Estimating Meteorological Data ................................. 66
   Geographic Imaging and Image Processing Software .................... 66
        ERDAS Software Products ........................................ 66
             ERDAS Software Application Example ........................ 68
        Arc View Image Analysis Extension .............................. 69
        MrSID .......................................................... 69
        PCI Geomatics .................................................. 70
        Blue Marble Geographics ........................................ 71
   Future Directions ................................................... 72
   Useful Web Sites .................................................... 73
   Chapter Summary ..................................................... 73
   Chapter Questions ................................................... 73

   Chapter 4 DEM Applications
   Learning Objective .................................................. 76
   Major Topics ........................................................ 76
   List of Chapter Acronyms ............................................ 76
   Hydrologic Modeling of the Buffalo Bayou Using GIS and DEM Data ..... 76
   DEM Basics .......................................................... 77
   DEM Applications .................................................... 79
        Three-Dimensional (3D) Visualization ........................... 79
   DEM Resolution and Accuracy ......................................... 80
   USGS DEMs ........................................................... 81
        USGS DEM Formats ............................................... 82
             National Elevation Dataset (NED) .......................... 83
   DEM Data Availability ............................................... 83
   DEM Data Creation from Remote Sensing ............................... 84
        Image Processing Method ........................................ 84
        Data Collection Method ......................................... 84
        LIDAR .......................................................... 85
        IFSAR .......................................................... 85
   DEM Analysis ........................................................ 86
        Cell Threshold for Defining Streams ............................ 86
        The D-8 Model .................................................. 86
        DEM Sinks ...................................................... 87
        Stream Burning ................................................. 88
        DEM Aggregation ................................................ 88
        Slope Calculations ............................................. 88
   Software Tools ...................................................... 88
        Spatial Analyst and Hydro Extension ............................ 90
        ARC GRID Extension ............................................. 93
        IDRISI ......................................................... 94
        TOPAZ .......................................................... 95
   Case Studies and Examples ........................................... 95
        Watershed Delineation .......................................... 95
        Sewershed Delineation ......................................... 101
        Water Distribution System Modeling ............................ 103
             WaterCAD Example ......................................... 104
   Useful Web Sites ................................................... 105
   Chapter Summary .................................................... 105
   Chapter Questions .................................................. 106

   Chapter 5 GPS Applications
   Learning Objective ................................................. 108
   Major Topics ....................................................... 108
   List of Chapter Acronyms ........................................... 108
   Stream Mapping in Iowa ............................................. 108
   GPS Basics ......................................................... 109
   GPS Applications in the Water Industry ............................. 110
        Surveying ..................................................... 111
        Fleet Management .............................................. 111
   GPS Applications in GIS ............................................ 111
   GPS Survey Steps ................................................... 112
   GPS Equipment ...................................................... 113
        Recreational GPS Equipment .................................... 113
        Basic GPS Equipment ........................................... 114
        Advanced GPS Equipment ........................................ 115
   Survey Grade GPS Equipment ......................................... 116
   Useful Web Sites ................................................... 117
   Chapter Summary .................................................... 117
   Chapter Questions .................................................. 118

   Chapter 6 Internet Applications
   Learning Objective ................................................. 120
   Major Topics ....................................................... 120
   List of Chapter Acronyms ........................................... 120
   Dublin's Web Map ................................................... 120
   Internet GIS ....................................................... 122
        Internet Security ............................................. 123
   Internet GIS Software .............................................. 124
   Internet GIS Applications .......................................... 124
        Data Integration .............................................. 124
        Project Management ............................................ 124
        3D Visualization Applications ................................. 126
   Case Studies ....................................................... 126
        Tacoma's Intranet and Mobile GIS .............................. 126
        Montana's Watershed Data Information Management System ........ 127
   Useful Web Sites ................................................... 128
   Chapter Summary .................................................... 128
   Chapter Questions .................................................. 128

   Chapter 7 Mobile GIS
   Learning Objective ................................................. 130
   Major Topics ....................................................... 130
   List of Chapter Acronyms ........................................... 130
   Mobile GIS Basics .................................................. 130
   Mobile GIS Applications ............................................ 131
   Wireless Internet Technology ....................................... 133
   GPS Integration .................................................... 133
   Useful Web Sites ................................................... 134
   Chapter Summary .................................................... 135
   Chapter Questions .................................................. 135

   Chapter 8 Mapping
   Learning Objective ................................................. 138
   Major Topics ....................................................... 138
   List of Chapter Acronyms ........................................... 138
   Los Angeles County's Sewer Mapping Program ......................... 138
   Mapping Basics ..................................................... 139
        Map Types ..................................................... 139
        Topology ...................................................... 139
        Map Projections and Coordinate Systems ........................ 140
        Map Scale ..................................................... 140
        Data Quality .................................................. 140
        Data Errors ................................................... 141
        Map Accuracy .................................................. 141
   Map Types .......................................................... 142
        Base Map ...................................................... 142
             Digital Orthophotos ...................................... 143
             Planimetric Maps ......................................... 143
             Small-Scale Maps ......................................... 144
   Advantages of GIS Maps ............................................. 145
   GIS Mapping Steps .................................................. 147
        Needs Analysis ................................................ 147
        Data Collection ............................................... 148
        Data Conversion ............................................... 148
             Capturing Attributes ..................................... 148
             Capturing Graphics ....................................... 149
                  Digitization ........................................ 149
                  Scanning ............................................ 150
                  Data Conversion Software ............................ 150
        Data Processing ............................................... 153
             Data Preparation ......................................... 153
             Topological Structuring .................................. 153
             Data Management .......................................... 154
             Quality Control .......................................... 155
             Map Production ........................................... 155
   Case Studies ....................................................... 156
        Borough of Ramsey, New Jersey ................................. 156
        City of Lake Elsinore, California ............................. 158
        Allegheny County, Pennsylvania ................................ 159
   Useful Web Sites ................................................... 159
   Chapter Summary .................................................... 160
   Chapter Questions .................................................. 160

   Chapter 9 Mapping Applications
   Learning Objective ................................................. 162
   Major Topics ....................................................... 162
   List of Chapter Acronyms ........................................... 162
   Customer Service Application in Gurnee ............................. 162
   Common Mapping Functions ........................................... 164
        Thematic Mapping .............................................. 164
        Spatial Analysis .............................................. 164
        Buffers ....................................................... 164
        Hyperlinks .................................................... 167
   Water System Mapping Applications .................................. 167
        MWRA Water System Mapping Project ............................. 167
        Service Shutoff Application ................................... 167
        Generating Meter-Reading Routes ............................... 169
        Map Maintenance Application ................................... 169
   Wastewater System Mapping Applications ............................. 169
        Public Participation with 3D GIS .............................. 169
        Mapping the Service Laterals .................................. 170
   Stormwater System Mapping Applications ............................. 173
        Stormwater Permits ............................................ 173
   Chapter Summary .................................................... 175
   Chapter Questions .................................................. 175

   Chapter 10 Monitoring Applications
   Learning Objective ................................................. 178
   Major Topics ....................................................... 178
   List of Chapter Acronyms ........................................... 178
   Monitoring Real Time Rainfall and Stream-Flow Data in Aurora ....... 178
   Monitoring Basics .................................................. 179
   Remotely Sensed Rainfall Data ...................................... 179
        Satellite Rainfall Data ....................................... 180
        Radar Rainfall Data ........................................... 181
        NEXRAD Rainfall Data .......................................... 181
             NEXRAD Level III Data .................................... 181
        Estimating Rainfall Using GIS ................................. 183
        Radar Rainfall Application: Virtual Rain-Gauge Case Study ..... 184
   Flow-Monitoring Applications ....................................... 187
        SCADA Integration ............................................. 187
   NPDES-Permit Reporting Applications ................................ 188
   Monitoring via Internet ............................................ 189
   Monitoring the Infrastructure ...................................... 190
   Useful Web Sites ................................................... 190
   Chapter Summary .................................................... 191
   Chapter Questions .................................................. 191

   Chapter 11 Modeling Applications
   Learning Objectives ................................................ 194
   Major Topics ....................................................... 194
   List of Chapter Acronyms ........................................... 194
   Temporal-Spatial Modeling in Westchester County .................... 194
   H&H Modeling ....................................................... 195
   Application Methods ................................................ 196
   Interchange Method ................................................. 197
        Subbasin Parameter Estimation ................................. 198
        Runoff Curve Number Estimation ................................ 199
        Water Quality Modeling Data Estimation ........................ 200
        Demographic Data Estimation ................................... 202
        Land-Use Data Estimation ...................................... 204
   Interface Method ................................................... 205
        HEC-GEO Interface ............................................. 207
        HEC-GeoHMS .................................................... 207
        HEC-GeoRAS .................................................... 207
        Watershed Modeling System ..................................... 208
        GISHydro Modules .............................................. 208
             GISHydro Prepro .......................................... 209
             GISHydro Runoff .......................................... 210
        ArcInfo Interface with HEC Programs ........................... 210
        Intermediate Data Management Programs ......................... 211
        Interface Method Case Study ................................... 212
   Integration Method ................................................. 212
        EPA's BASINS Program .......................................... 213
             BASINS Examples .......................................... 217
        MIKE BASIN .................................................... 218
        Geo-STORM Integration ......................................... 219
        ARC/HEC-2 Integration ......................................... 219
        Integration Method Case Study ................................. 220
   Which Linkage Method to Use? ....................................... 221
   Useful Web Sites ................................................... 222
   Chapter Summary .................................................... 222
   Chapter Questions .................................................. 223

   Chapter 12 Water Models
   Learning Objective ................................................. 226
   Major Topics ....................................................... 226
   List of Chapter Acronyms ........................................... 226
   City of Germantown's Water Model ................................... 226
   GIS Applications for Water Distribution Systems .................... 227
   Development of Hydraulic Models .................................... 229
   Software Examples .................................................. 231
        EPANET ........................................................ 231
        H2ONET™ and H2OMAP™ ............................................ 232
             Demand Allocator ......................................... 235
             Skeletonizer ............................................. 235
             Tracer ................................................... 235
        WaterCAD™ and WaterGEMS™ ...................................... 235
        MIKE NET™ ..................................................... 236
        Other Programs ................................................ 237
   EPANET and ArcView Integration in Harrisburg ....................... 237
        Mapping the Model Output Results .............................. 242
   Network Skeletonization ............................................ 243
   Estimation of Node Demands ......................................... 249
        Demand-Estimation Case Studies ................................ 252
             Newport News, Virginia ................................... 252
             Round Rock, Texas ........................................ 252
             Lower Colorado River Authority, Texas .................... 253
   Estimation of Node Elevations ...................................... 253
   Pressure Zone Trace ................................................ 255
   Chapter Summary .................................................... 255
   Chapter Questions .................................................. 255

   Chapter 13 Sewer Models
   Learning Objectives ................................................ 258
   Major Topics ....................................................... 258
   List of Chapter Acronyms ........................................... 258
   MapInfo™ and SWMM Interchange ...................................... 258
   GIS Applications for Sewer Systems ................................. 259
   Sewer System Modeling Integration .................................. 260
   Software Examples .................................................. 261
   SWMM ............................................................... 261
   Useful SWMM Web Sites .............................................. 264
        SWMM Graphical User Interface ................................. 264
             XP-SWMM and XP-GIS ....................................... 266
        GIS Data for SWMM ............................................. 267
             Estimating Green-Ampt Parameters Using STATSGO/SSURGO
                  GIS Files ........................................... 267
   GIS Applications for SWMM .......................................... 270
        AVSWMM ........................................................ 270
             AVSWMM RUNOFF Extension .................................. 271
             AVSWMM EXTRAN Extension .................................. 274
                  Task 1: Create EXTRAN input file .................... 274
                  Task 2: Create SWMM EXTRAN output layers in
                       ArcViewGIS ..................................... 277
   SWMMTools .......................................................... 278
   AGSWMM ............................................................. 280
   PCSWMM GIS™ ........................................................ 281
   SWMM and BASINS .................................................... 282
   SWMMDUET ........................................................... 283
   AVsand™ ............................................................ 284
   Other Sewer Models ................................................. 284
        DHI Models .................................................... 284
             MOUSE™ ................................................... 284
             MIKE SWMM™ ............................................... 285
             MOUSE GIS™ ............................................... 285
             MOUSE GM™ ................................................ 286
        InfoWorks™ .................................................... 287
        SewerCAD™ and StormCAD™ ....................................... 289
   Sewer Modeling Case Studies ........................................ 289
        XP-SWMM and ArcInfo Application for CSO Modeling .............. 289
        AM/FM/GIS and SWMM Integration ................................ 290
        SWMM and ArcInfo™ Interface ................................... 290
        Hydra™ and ArcInfo™ Interface ................................. 291
   Useful Web Sites ................................................... 291
   Chapter Summary .................................................... 291
   Chapter Questions .................................................. 292

   Chapter 14 AM/FM/GIS Applications
   Learning Objective ................................................. 294
   Major Topics ....................................................... 294
   List of Chapter Acronyms ........................................... 294
   Hampton's Wastewater Maintenance Management ........................ 294
   Infrastructure Problem ............................................. 295
   AM/FM/GIS Basics ................................................... 297
        Automated Mapping (AM) ........................................ 298
        Facilities Management (FM) .................................... 300
        Automated Mapping (AM)/Facilities Management (FM) ............. 300
        AM/FM/GIS Systems ............................................. 300
   AM/FM/GIS Software ................................................. 300
        ArcFM ......................................................... 302
        Cityworks ..................................................... 304
   Chapter Summary .................................................... 305
   Chapter Questions .................................................. 305

   Chapter 15 Maintenance Applications
   Learning Objective ................................................. 308
   Major Topics ....................................................... 308
   List of Chapter Acronyms ........................................... 308
   Buncombe County's Sewer System Inspection and Maintenance .......... 309
   Asset Management ................................................... 310
   GASB 34 Applications ............................................... 312
   Wet Weather Overflow Management Applications ....................... 312
        AutoCAD Map GIS Application for CMOM .......................... 313
   CCTV Inspection of Sewers .......................................... 314
        Convert Existing Video Tapes to Digital Files ................. 315
        Digitize Existing VHS Tapes ................................... 316
             WinCan ................................................... 317
        Retrofit Tape Systems with Digital Systems .................... 317
        Record Directly in Digital Format ............................. 319
        Linking Digital Movies to GIS ................................. 319
   Video Mapping ...................................................... 321
   Thematic Mapping of Inspection Data ................................ 322
   Work Order Management .............................................. 325
   Water Main Isolation Trace ......................................... 327
   Case Studies ....................................................... 328
        Isolation Trace Case Studies .................................. 328
        Sewer System Inspections in Washington County ................. 328
        Sewer Rehabilitation in Baldwin ............................... 330
   Useful Web Sites ................................................... 333
   Chapter Summary .................................................... 333
   Chapter Questions .................................................. 333

   Chapter 16 Security Planning and Vulnerability Assessment
   Learning Objective ................................................. 336
   Major Topics ....................................................... 336
   List of Chapter Acronyms ........................................... 336
   GIS Applications in Planning ....................................... 336
   Security Planning .................................................. 337
        Vulnerability of Water Systems ................................ 338
        Vulnerability of Sewer Systems ................................ 338
   GIS Applications in Vulnerability Assessment ....................... 338
   Security Modeling Software ......................................... 340
        H2OMAP™ Protector ............................................. 340
        WaterSAFE™ .................................................... 340
        VSAT™ ......................................................... 342
   Security Planning Data Issues ...................................... 342
   Useful Web Sites ................................................... 343
   Chapter Summary .................................................... 343
   Chapter Questions .................................................. 343

   Chapter 17 Applications Sampler
   Learning Objective ................................................. 346
   Major Topics ....................................................... 346
   List of Chapter Acronyms ........................................... 346
   Drainage Area Planning in Sofia .................................... 346
   Pipe Rating Program in Buncombe County ............................. 347
   Water System Modeling in Tucson .................................... 352
   Water System Modeling in the City of Truth or Consequences ......... 353
        Background .................................................... 355
        Building the MIKE NET Model from Various Data Sources ......... 355
   ArcGIS and ArcFM Integration in Belgium ............................ 356
   Water System Master Planning in Prague ............................. 358
   Water Quality Management in Mecklenburg County ..................... 360
   Water Master Planning in Sueca, Spain .............................. 362
   Chapter Summary .................................................... 364
   Chapter Questions .................................................. 364

   Appendix A Acronyms ................................................ 365
   Appendix B Conversion Factors ...................................... 371
   References ......................................................... 373
   Index .............................................................. 389


Вверх Shamsi U.M. GIS applications for water, wastewater, and stormwater systems / Shamsi U.M. - Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2005. - 413 p. - ISBN 0-8493-2097-6.

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